Ahmose I (1 abr 1530 ano antes da era comum – 31 jul 1505 ano antes da era comum)

Descrição:

Moses and the Exodus Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence by Gérard GERTOUX

[Ahhotep, his mother, was coregent from April 1530 BC]

From the Karnak Stele:
Ahmose's statement confirms two important points: first, the war against the Hyksos (no mention) occurred before his reign. He focuses particularly on his new role as King of Lower Egypt, then, how his mother, Queen Ahhotep, managed to bring home some Egyptian dissidents (who followed Apopi) and pushing (not crushing) some rebels (Hyksos). Family ties of Queen Ahhotep clarify two other points: 1) Kamose was the brother of Seqenenre since Ahhotep was the daughter of Seqenenre, the granddaughter of Senakhtenre and the sister of Kamose; 2) Kamose was co-regent, not king since the titles are different: king [Senakhtenre] king [Seqenenre], Sovereign [Kamose], and king [Ahmose]. In fact, the main events commented by Ahmose in his inscriptions concern his family271 (Ahmose was Seqenenre's son and Senakhtenre's grandson)272. Thus we know, for example, that his mother Ahhotep assured his regency from year 1 to 20; toward year 18, Satkamose his first wife died; he then married Ahmes Nefertari; his mother died around year 20 at the time of Amenhotep I's birth.

Ahmose's reign had been peaceful. Ahhotep's regency was even a brilliant restoration of Egyptian authority. It was during this recovery period, which lasted 20 years, that king's counsellors were the most active. In respect of the court etiquette, advising the pharaoh was usually given in the form of a timeless (and archaizing) wisdom with the guarantee of an illustrious predecessor278 having sometimes experienced a similar situation. This is the case of The Teaching for King Merikare279. Although this teaching is assigned to Merikare, this text should rather be dated to the beginning of the 18th Dynasty for the following reasons280: this teaching is completely unknown before and is never mentioned by any previous document; the conflict with Asiatics which is described as catastrophical, is identical to the one mentioned in Tempest Stele under Ahmose; Antef II, in the last year of his reign (year 50), said he seized the thinite nome wholly. He speaks as if Thebes took possession of it for the first time. Moreover, nothing in the inscriptions of nomarchs at this time let one think about a state of war or of any disorders281. The Teaching seems to have been written around year 20 of Ahmose, which coincides with the end Ahhotep's regency. Indeed, the note: Quarry stones from Tura and do not construct your tomb through recycled materials is consistent with the fact that King Ahmose started to build his pyramid (actually a cenotaph at Abydos) from year 22. The remark: For these 20 years, recruits have been at ease, following their heart, and the military goes forth in strength. Those who are recruited enlist voluntarily like young men trained [and strengthened]. It is (our) ancestry which fights on our behalf, contradicts interpretations assuming a King Ahmose who would lead a war against the Hyksos.

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