40 yr Egyptian Desolation [Ezk 29:10-12] (1 jan 566 ano antes da era comum – 1 jan 526 ano antes da era comum)

Descrição:

AJ Koehler

The Bible is clear, though records are scant (yet present), Nebuchadnezzar II WAS given bounty from Egypt, because he wasn't "paid" for Tyre after a 13 year siege. However, this probably was not related to the 40 year desolation (which was likely religious as described below), as the wealth of Egypt under Amasis likely reached it's pinnacle.
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DATING THE BIBLICAL CHRONOLOGY by Gerard Gertoux

This religious meaning [of desolate] is used in Ezekiel 29:10-12 where it is said that Egypt would be "desolate waste (...) for 40 years". This could not be understood in a literal way (a deporting of all Egyptian people in a foreign land would have left some traces). But the religious meaning "without worshippers (Ezekiel 30:7,13)" is appropriate, since Jeremiah states that the sign (the 40-year period was beginning) would be pharaoh Hophra's death (Jeremiah 44:29,30; Ezekiel 30:20-22), exactly as Zedekiah's death marked the end of the worship in the temple.

Pharaoh Hophra (whom Egyptian were viewing as a living god) was replaced in 570 by Amasis, a mere general, who ruled from 569 to 526. Pharaoh Hophra died a few years after the beginning of Amasis' reign, probably in 566, his death being reported as occurring soon after Amasis' 3rd year [567]. Egypt then had no visible god (Pharaoh) between 566 and 526. Herodotus wrote: It is said however that Amasis, even when he was in a private station, was a lover of drinking and of
jesting, and not at all seriously disposed (...) when finally he became king he did as follows:-as many of the gods as had absolved him and pronounced him not to be a thief, to their temples he paid no regard, nor gave anything for the further adornment of them, nor even visited them to offer sacrifice, considering them to be worth nothing and to possess lying Oracles (The Histories II:174).

And it must occur in that day that Tyre must be forgotten 70 years, the same as the days of one king. At the end of 70 years it will happen to Tyre as in the song of a prostitute (...). And it must occur at the end of 70 years that Jehovah will turn his attention to Tyre, and she must return to her hire and commit prostitution with all the kingdoms of the earth upon the surface of the ground (Isaiah 23:15- 17).

The 70-year Babylonian domination [from 609 to 539] outshined Tyre's position. Because Tyre had rejoiced over the fall of Jerusalem, it was foretold that the city would be attacked by Nebuchadnezzar (Ezekiel 26:1-12) and completely destroyed (Zechariah 9:4). Josephus states (Against Apion I:156; Jewish antiquities X:228) that the siege of the city of Tyre by Nebuchadnezzar lasted 13 years [from 586 to 574]. Since Nebuchadnezzar received no "wages", a text by Ezekiel (Ezekiel 29:17-20) dated to the 27th year of exile [571] says that the Babylonian monarch would receive the wealth of Egypt as a compensation for 40 years. This inheritance may begin with the reign of pharaoh Amasis [569] and last till the end of Cyrus' rule (Isaiah 43:1,3) in 530. After the fall of Babylon, Tyre resumed its immoral business (Nehemiah 13:6, 15-17), but it was finally destroyed by Alexander the Great in 332.

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Wikipedia contributors. (2022, December 4). Nebuchadnezzar II. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18:57, December 12, 2022, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nebuchadnezzar_II&oldid=1125583853

It is possible that Nebuchadnezzar campaigned against Egypt in 568 BC, given that a fragmentary Babylonian inscription, given the modern designation BM 33041, from that year records the word "Egypt" as well as possibly traces of the name "Amasis" (the name of the then incumbent Pharaoh, Amasis II, r. 570–526 BC). A stele of Amasis, also fragmentary, may also describe a combined naval and land attack by the Babylonians.
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Ezekiel 29

I will make the land of Egypt devastated and dry, a desolate wasteland, from Migdol to Syene to the boundary of Ethiopia. Neither man nor livestock will pass through it on foot, and it will not be inhabited for 40 years. I will make the land of Egypt the most desolate of lands, and its cities will be the most desolate of cities for 40 years; and I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations and disperse them among the lands (Ezk 29:10-12).

THEN

13 “For thus says the Lord God: At the end of forty years I will gather the Egyptians from the peoples among whom they were scattered, 14 and I will restore the fortunes of Egypt and bring them back to the land of Pathros, the land of their origin, and there they shall be a lowly kingdom. 15 It shall be the most lowly of the kingdoms, and never again exalt itself above the nations. And I will make them so small that they will never again rule over the nations. 16 And it shall never again be the reliance of the house of Israel, recalling their iniquity, when they turn to them for aid. Then they will know that I am the Lord God.”

18 “Son of man, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon made his army labor hard against Tyre. Every head was made bald, and every shoulder was rubbed bare, yet neither he nor his army got anything from Tyre to pay for the labor that he had performed against her. 19 Therefore thus says the Lord God: Behold, I will give the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon; and he shall carry off its wealth[d] and despoil it and plunder it; and it shall be the wages for his army. 20 I have given him the land of Egypt as his payment for which he labored, because they worked for me, declares the Lord God.
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Herod the Great and Jesus Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Gérard GERTOUX

The words "causing desolation (Dn 9:27)" was understood by the Jews as the disappearance of the sacrifices in the temple (and consequently of the worshippers) and not as the disappearance of the inhabitants. When we read: by reason of my house that is waste, while you are on the run, each one in behalf of his own house (Hg 1:1,9), text written in Darius' 2nd year (520 BCE), we may understand also that the temple was waste of worshippers, not of people. This religious meaning is used in Ezekiel, where it is said that Egypt would be: desolate waste (...) for 40 years (Ezk 29:10-12. This could not be understood in a literal way (a deporting of all Egyptian people in a foreign land would have left some traces). But the religious meaning "without worshippers" (Ezk 30:7,13) is appropriate, since Jeremiah states
that the sign (the 40-year period was beginning) would be pharaoh Hophra's death (Jr 44:29,30; Ezk 30:20-22), exactly as Zedekiah's death marked the end of worship in the temple. Pharaoh Hophra (whom Egyptian were viewing as a living god) was replaced in 570 by Amasis, a mere general, who ruled from 569 to 526. Pharaoh Hophra died a few years after the beginning of Amasis' reign, probably in 566, his death being reported as occurring soon after Amasis' 3rd year237 [in 567]. Egypt then had no visible god (Pharaoh) between 566 and 526.

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Moses and the Exodus Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence by Gérard GERTOUX

Herodotus wrote: It is said however that Amasis, even when he was in a private station, was a lover of drinking and of jesting, and not at all seriously disposed (...) when finally he became king he did as follows: —as many of the gods as had absolved him and pronounced him not to be a thief, to their temples he paid no regard, nor gave anything for the further adornment of them, nor even visited them to offer sacrifice, considering them to be worth nothing and to possess lying Oracles (The Histories II:174). From a religious point of view, Egypt had been devastated, or without its god Pharaoh (a spiritual desolation), during the 40 years of the ungodly dominion of Amasis (566-526).

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