Babylon (70 yrs of Domination for All Nations) (1 out 609 ano antes da era comum – 12 out 539 ano antes da era comum)

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DATING THE BIBLICAL CHRONOLOGY by Gerard Gertoux

@ According to the text of Jeremiah 25:1, 9-12, 17-26, Judea would be devastated, and all contemporary nations would serve the king of Babylon during 70 years: The word that occurred to Jeremiah concerning all the people of Judah in the 4th year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, the king of Judah, that is, the 1st year of Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon (...). And all this land must become a devastated place, an object of astonishment, and these nations will have to serve the king of Babylon 70 years. And it must occur that when 70 years have been fulfilled I shall call to account against the king of Babylon and against that nation, (...) even against the land of the Chaldeans, and I will make it desolate wastes to time indefinite. Then the Chaldeans' country would become desolated. It may be noted that this prediction was issued in the 1st year of Nebuchadnezzar. Babylonian rule had already begun, but the devastation of Judah was still to come. The period of slavery was to begin before the period of desolation. The 70-year period of slavery applied to all the nations including Egypt, and not only to Judah. This period starts after the victory of Babylonian forces over the armies of Assyria and Egypt at Haran, and then extends from 609 to 539.

@ In the beginning of the kingdom of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, the king of Judah (...). And now I myself have given all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon (...). And all the nations must serve even him and his son and his grandson until the time even of his own land comes (...). And as for You men, do not listen to Your prophets (...) who are saying to You: "You men will not serve the king of Babylon (Jeremiah 27:1,6-9). As the start of Jehoiakim's rule can be dated to Tishri 609, the period of slavery is the same for Judah as for other nations.


A Babylonian chronicle (BM 21901) dates the final part of the battle of Haran to the 17th year of Nabopolassar, in the month of Duzu101 (June-July 609). During that year Assyrian king Ashur-uballit II was killed (as well as Josiah); as Jehoahaz reigned 3 months, Jehoiakim's rule must have begun around Tishri (September/October) 609. Since, the fall of Babylon happened in Tishri 539, Babylon dominated over the world for exactly 70 years. It can be noted that after king Josiah's death, pharaoh Necho II brought the Judean kingdom under subjection and changed the name of its king to Jehoiakim (2Chronicles 36:3-4). The 70 years period is delimitated by two events apparently providential: the death of king Josiah (1Kings 13:2; 2Chronicles 35:20-24) and the accession of king Cyrus (Isaiah 43:1, 45:1). Subjection to Egypt lasted for 8 years and was succeeded by subjection to Nebuchadnezzar after the battle of Carkemish. Babylonian domination began in 609 and was exerted on Judah first through Egypt and then directly, from king Jehoiakim's 8th year, 3 years before the end of his rule (2Kings 24:1). The biblical text makes a difference between Babylon's legal rule [starting in 609] and effective Babylonian rule [starting in 601].

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Noah and the Deluge Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Gérard GERTOUX

Beginning of the 70-year Babylonian domination (609 BCE) which ended with the seizure of Babylon by Cyrus (539 BCE). The death of King Josiah (2 Kings 23:29), 4 years before the battle of Carchemish (Jr 46:2) in 605 BCE, marked the end of the Judean kingdom legitimately established. Jehoahaz was enthroned by the people and reigned only 3 months (2Ki 23:31). Pharaoh Necho II, satrap of Nebuchadnezzar from 609 BCE (Against Apion I:133-137), enthroned Jehoiakim who reigned 11 years (2Ki 23:34-36). Nebuchadnezzar then enthroned Zedekiah who reigned 11 years (2Ki 24:17- 18) until the destruction of the Temple. Josiah's death marked the beginning of a period of 70 years of Babylonian domination (Jr 25:11-12) beginning with the reign of Jehoiakim (Jr 27:1-7) after the Battle of Harran (609 BCE) and ending with the destruction of Babylon. It is noteworthy that the text of Matthew sets the beginning of the captivity "of" Babylon (Βαβυλῶνος) not "at", but after the reign of Josiah (Mt 1:11,17).

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Matthew 1

11 and Josiah the father of Jechoniah and his brothers, at the time of the deportation to Babylon.
17 So all the generations from Abraham to David were fourteen generations, and from David to the deportation to Babylon fourteen generations, and from the deportation to Babylon to the Christ fourteen generations.

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Moses and the Exodus Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence by Gérard GERTOUX

A Babylonian chronicle (BM 21901) dates the final part of the battle of Haran to the 17th year of Nabopolassar, in the month of Duzu195 (July) 609 BCE. During that year Assyrian king Ashur-uballit II was killed (as well as Josiah); as Jehoahaz reigned 3 months, Jehoiakim's rule must have begun around Tishri (October) 609 BCE. Since the fall of Babylon happened in Tishri 539 BCE, Babylon dominated over the world for exactly 70 years.
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Jer 25:8 "Therefore thus says the LORD of hosts: Because you have not obeyed my words, 9 behold, I will send for all the tribes of the north, declares the LORD, and for Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, my servant, and I will bring them against this land and its inhabitants, and against all these surrounding nations. I will devote them to destruction, and make them a horror, a hissing, and an everlasting desolation. 10 Moreover, I will banish from them the voice of mirth and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride, the grinding of the millstones and the light of the lamp. 11 This whole land shall become a ruin and a waste, and these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years. 12 Then after seventy years are completed, I will punish the king of Babylon and that nation, the land of the Chaldeans, for their iniquity, declares the LORD, making the land an everlasting waste. 13 I will bring upon that land all the words that I have uttered against it, everything written in this book, which Jeremiah prophesied against all the nations. 14 For many nations and great kings shall make slaves even of them, and I will recompense them according to their deeds and the work of their hands."

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