Herod's Temple Construction - 46 yr [John 2:13-20] (1 mar 17 ano antes da era comum – 5 abr 30 ano)

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Noah and the Deluge Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Gérard GERTOUX

The sanctuary (naos) of the temple was completed in 46 years at the 1st Passover on April 30 CE (John 2:20), in agreement with Josephus (Jewish Antiquities XV:354, 380, 421).

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Herod the Great and Jesus Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Gérard GERTOUX

The text of John 2:13-20 also assumes that Jesus' ministry began in 29 CE as it quotes a discussion placed at the first Passover (in 30 CE): The Passover of the Jews was near, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem (...) the Jews replied, ‘It has taken 46 years to build this sanctuary [naos]’. The Greek word naos means the sanctuary of the Temple and not the Temple itself [ieron]. Moreover Josephus (Jewish Antiquities XX:219) states that the Temple [ieron] was not yet completed at the time of the procurator Albinus (62-64 CE). Concerning the sanctuary, he writes: When Herod completed the 17th year of his reign, Caesar came in Syria (...) It was at this time, in the 18th year of his reign, after the events mentioned above, that Herod undertook an extraordinary work: the reconstructing of the temple of God at his own expense (...) the sanctuary [naos] itself was built by the priests in 1 year and 6 months (Jewish Antiquities XV:354,380,421). Cassius Dio placed the journey of Augustus in Syria in the spring of the year, February/ March, when Marcus Publius Silius and Apuleius were consuls in 20 BCE (Roman History LIV:7:4-6), actually corresponding to the end of the 18th year of Herod (21/20). Thus, the building of the Temple [ieron] began in 20 (April) and the building of the sanctuary [naos] began to 19 BCE (in October) and was completed in March in 17 BCE because it lasted 1 year and 6 months. For religious reasons, construction of the sanctuary was probably made during the 20th and 21st year of Herod the Great, which were sabbatical and jubilee years. The period of 46 years ending so around April 30 CE (if the 46 years were counted from the construction of the Temple, not the sanctuary, they would have been completed by October 29 CE).

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John 2

13 The Passover of the Jews was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. 14 In the temple he found those who were selling oxen and sheep and pigeons, and the money-changers sitting there. 15 And making a whip of cords, he drove them all out of the temple, with the sheep and oxen. And he poured out the coins of the money-changers and overturned their tables. 16 And he told those who sold the pigeons, “Take these things away; do not make my Father's house a house of trade.” 17 His disciples remembered that it was written, “Zeal for your house will consume me.”

18 So the Jews said to him, “What sign do you show us for doing these things?” 19 Jesus answered them, “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.” 20 The Jews then said, “It has taken forty-six years to build this temple,[c] and will you raise it up in three days?” 21 But he was speaking about the temple of his body. 22 When therefore he was raised from the dead, his disciples remembered that he had said this, and they believed the Scripture and the word that Jesus had spoken.

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