? 480 yr from Egypt to Solomon's Temple - CONTROVERSIAL [1 Kings 6:1] (31 mar 1493 ano antes da era comum – 31 mar 1013 ano antes da era comum)

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AJK: Gertoux (below) makes the case that the Israelites wandered in the Sinai Peninsula for 40 years, thus never actually "left Egypt" until 1493. However, the Bible is clear that Mt. Sinai is in Midian (Saudi Arabia), and the evidence of the Red Sea crossing at Nuweiba Beach across the Gulf of Aqaba (See Red Sea Crossing) is overwhelming.

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EXAMINATION OF ANACHRONISMS IN BIBLICAL AND ASSYRIAN CHRONOLOGIES by Gerard Gertoux

Period of 480 years since the departure from Egypt to the 4th year of Solomon (1Ki 6:1). The Masoretic text has preserved the exact value of 480 years because the sum of all the reigns is 480 years10 which is not the case of the 440 years indicated in the Septuagint. The value of Saul's reign in Acts 13:21, which appeared in 1Samuel 13:1 can be deduced from the biography of Ishbaal, a son of Saul, who was born at the beginning of the reign of his father (1Ch 8:33) since he was 40 years old after the death of Saul (2Sa 2:10). Josephus hesitated between 20 and 40 years (Jewish Antiquities VI:378, X:143) also in the sum of the reigns (Jewish Antiquities VIII:61, XX:230). The Sinai desert belonged to Egypt because it was in front the Wadi of Egypt, which marked the border (2Ki 24:7). The Israelites were out of Egypt when they passed this wadi and therefore after 40 years in the desert11. According to this scheme, we obtain: y + 475 = 480, which gives y = 5 years. The translators of the Septuagint who knew this period of 480 years, beginning with the departure from Egypt after 40 years in the desert, subtracted it, instead of adding it, to obtain 440 years (= 480 - 40). According to the Talmud (Megilla 72cd), the duration of the conquest of Canaan would have been 7 years and the duration of the sanctuary of Shiloh 369 years, which gives: 480 = (7* + 369* + 20 + 40 + 40 + 4. In fact: 480 = 5 + 366 + 20 + 5 + 40 + 40 + 4).

The conquest of Canaan lasted 5 years and the sanctuary of Shiloh 366 years (= 1488 - 1122) because it is installed just after the conquest of Canaan (Jos 18:1), in 1488 BCE, and disappeared at the death of the high priest Eli (1Sa 4:1-7:1) in 1122 BCE.

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DATING THE BIBLICAL CHRONOLOGY

A 480-year period that begins at the Exodus from Egypt terminates in his 4th year of reign (1Kings 6:1; 11:42).

It can be read: And it came about in the four hundred and eightieth year after the sons of Israel came out from the land of Egypt, in the fourth year, in the month of Ziv, that is, the second month, after Solomon became king over Israel (1Kings 6:1).

We might conclude that the period began after Israel left the country of Goshen, in Egypt. But this would contradict other biblical data. Indeed, if we calculate the time starting before (and not after) the 40 years in the wilderness of Sinai, we find: 40 + 300 + 6 + 7 +10 + 8 + 40 + 20 + 40 + 40 + 4 = 515 + x. If 515 + x = 480, x = -35!

Actually, the wilderness of Sinai belonged to Egypt since it was located before the torrent valley of Egypt which marked its border (2Kings 24:7). Israelites therefore definitely leaved Egypt when they crossed this torrent valley (after having spent 40 years in the wilderness)109. According to this view, we can calculate: 475 + x = 480, and then x = 5 years. The translators of the Septuagint, who knew about this 480-year period beginning at the Exodus from Egypt and ending after (not
before) the 40 years in the wilderness amended the figure to 440 years (= 480 – 40). From the output of Egypt (-1533) marking the beginning of Exodus to Solomon's 4th year (in - 1013) there are 520 years (= 480 + 40). According to the Jerusalem Talmud (Megilla 72cd), the time of the conquest of Canaan would have been 7 years, and the sanctuary at Shiloh 369 years, which gives: 480 = 7 + 369 + 20 + 40 + 40 + 4 (in fact: 480 = 5 + 366 + 20 + 5 + 40 + 40 + 4). The duration of the conquest of Canaan is 5 years and the duration of the sanctuary at Shiloh is 366 years (= 1488 – 1122), because the sanctuary installed just after the conquest of Canaan (Joshua 18:1), in -1488, disappeared at the death of the high priest Eli (1 Samuel 4:1-7:1) in -1122.

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DATING THE BIBLICAL CHRONOLOGY by Gerard Gertoux

Period of 480 years since the departure from Egypt to the 4th year of Solomon (1Kings 6:1). The Masoretic text has preserved the exact value because the sum of all the reigns is actually 480 years which is not the case of the 440 years indicated in the Septuagint. The value of Saul's reign in Acts 13:21, which was to appear in 1Samuel 13:1 can be deduced from the biography of Ishbaal, a son of Saul, who was born at the beginning of the reign of his father (1 Chronicles 8:33) since he was 40 years after the death of Saul (2 Samuel 2:10). Josephus hesitated between 20 and 40 years (Jewish Antiquities VI:378, X:143) also in the sum of reigns (Jewish Antiquities VIII:61, XX:230). The Sinai desert belonged to Egypt because it was located before the Wadi of Egypt, which marked the border (2 Kings 24:7). The Israelites are definitely out of Egypt when they passed this wadi and therefore after 40 years in the desert. According to this scheme, we obtain: y + 475 = 480, which gives y = 5 years. The translators of the Septuagint who knew this period of 480 years, beginning with the departure from Egypt after 40 years in the desert, subtracted it, instead of adding14, to obtain 440 years (= 480 - 40). According to the Jerusalem Talmud (Megilla 72cd), the duration of the conquest of Canaan would have been 7 years and the one of the sanctuary of Shiloh 369 years, which gives: 480 = 7* + 369* + 20 + 40 + 40 + 4 (in fact: 480 = 5 + 366 + 20 + 5 + 40 + 40 + 4)15.

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13 The Israelites who died in the wilderness (Numbers 26:65) had desired repeatedly to die in Egypt (Exodus 14:11; 16:3). This paradoxical desire has been fulfilled.
14 From the initial output of Egypt (in -1533) to the 4th year of Solomon (in -1013) there are 520 years (= 480 + 40).
15 The duration of the conquest of Canaan is 5 years and the sanctuary of Shiloh is 366 years (= 1488 - 1122) because it is installed just after the conquest of Canaan (Joshua 18:1), in -1488, and disappeared at the death of the high priest Eli (1 Samuel 4:1-7:1) in -1122.

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1 Kings 6:1

In the four hundred and eightieth year after the people of Israel came out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomon's reign over Israel, in the month of Ziv, which is the second month, he began to build the house of the Lord.

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