1 jan 865 ano antes da era comum - Cremation Urns (Relevant to Carthage)

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DATING OF THE FOUNDATION OF CARTHAGE by Gerard Gertoux

These Phoenician colonies in southern Spain — dated 770-760 for the oldest ones (epoch of the oldest layer in Carthage), only a few years ago — have been dated recently to -9008. For example, a short Phoenician inscription (of four letters) on a fragment of an amphora, found in Huelva, dated the 9th century BCE, and several Greek ceramics that belong to Subprotogeometric III Eubean (850-750), involve (now) that the oldest layer in Huelva was dated 900-7509. Thanks to radiometric sequences for Phoenician-Punic world in the Peninsula, several significant features stand out. For a start, it should be possible to place the beginnings of Phoenician colonization in the Malaga-Algorrobo region as early as the 9th century BCE, more exactly in 865 BCE +/- 30 (with a coefficient of 93% for Phoenicians settling in Morro in the earliest Phoenician level, trench VIII)10.
In Andalusia, a significant feature must be emphasized: in many of the cremation burials at Almuñecar and in one burial found in Lagos, the ashes are placed in costly urns of alabaster or marble, made in Egypt (the epoch of their arrival in Spain is unknown but it had to be few time after their making). The fact is that in Almuñecar some of them are adorned with inscriptions and emblems of the pharaohs of the 22nd dynasty, such as Osorkon II (909-865), Takelot II (865-840) and Shoshenq III (840-800). It is interesting to notice that the oldest urn of alabaster (right picture) is dated before 865 BCE11, according the name of the pharaoh.

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