1 jan 1013 ano antes da era comum - City Gates

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EXAMINATION OF ANACHRONISMS IN BIBLICAL AND ASSYRIAN CHRONOLOGIES by Gerard Gertoux

If nothing remains of the temple built by Solomon (in 1013 BCE), on the other hand, the biblical text gives an information which confirms its date:

In the meantime, Hiram sent to the king 120 talents of gold. Now this is the account of those conscripted for forced labour that King Solomon levied to build the house of Jehovah and his own house and the Mound and the wall of Jerusalem and Hazor and Megiddo and Gezer (1Ki 9:14-15).

Archaeological excavations have revealed that these three cities (Hazor, Megiddo and Gezer) were indeed fortified and, moreover, at the same time. Indeed, the existence without known parallel of a "triple pincers" gate (below) at the entrance of each city implies a simultaneous construction. Yadin had logically attributed all these constructions to Solomon.

The dating of these buildings is difficult to establish because these cities were rearranged several times by successive kings. Moreover, the dating of the stones by 14C being impossible, all archaeological speculations are possible. The existence of the six-chamber gates at the entrance of each city is unparalleled outside Israel and requires a simultaneous construction. As these gates were restored by later kings the dating of original buildings is ambiguous, however because Hazor and Megiddo belonged to northern Israel (which became Samaria later) while Gezer, Ashdod and Lachish belonged to southern Israel (which became Judea later) this simultaneity in the building implies that it occurred only when the kingdom of Israel was united under Solomon’s reign. Once again Finkelstein's argument is dishonest, for while it is true that it is indeed impossible to date these buildings by 14C, but the very particular (and unique) shape of the gates of Hazor, Megiddo and Gezer, built by Solomon according to the biblical text, constitutes a coincidence that is reasonably difficult to deny.

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