1 jan 1520 ano antes da era comum - Admonitions of Ipuwer

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Moses and the Exodus Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence by Gérard GERTOUX

The papyrus Leiden 344 containing the Admonitions of Ipuwer was published by Alan Gardiner283, an eminent Egyptologist and deemed historian, still making authority, who dated the papyrus itself not earlier than the 19th Dynasty, although there were sufficiently strong indications that the scribe used a manuscript of which the history of transmission may go back to the beginning of the 18th Dynasty. According to Enmarch284: The paleograhy of both recto and verso is broadly Ramessid (...) which can be dated to the late 19th dynasty, from Merneptah to Siptah [around -1200] (...) However, the manuscript contains several older sign forms that hark back to the Second Intermediate Period and early New Kingdom [around -1550]. According to Gardiner, this text describes dramatic events rather than being a prophecy:
Ø The beginning of the Admonitions reads: The prediction of the ancestors, having reached (1:10-11), which is understandable as the fulfilment of a past prophecy, like the one of Neferty (published around -1950), rather than a prophecy to come.
ØMany reported details, like: Those who were with the god's boat are yoked [...], and no one has travelled north to [Byb]los today. What may we do about pines for our mummies, [with] whose products prie[sts] are buried, (and) with the oil whereof the great are embalmed? From as far as Crete(?) they do not come! Destroyed is gold, finished is the stor[ing up of the s]eed(?) of every work; uncovered is <...> of the King's Estate (l.p.h.). How great is the coming of oasis-dwellers bearing their festal offerings: mats, [sleeping mats(?)] of fresh palm, [jar]s?) of birds and plucked(?) reeds(?)! O, yet Elephantine, Thinis, the Upper Egyptian [nome]s(?), have not paid tax because of [st]rife (3:6-11), would have no interest in a prophecy and rather correspond to an observation.
Ø On many occasions (10:6-11:12), the author of the text invites the Pharaoh to respond by destroying enemies and remembering the happy past. These injunctions are only meaningful if the described disaster had just happened.

About the dating, the Egyptologist and philologist Sethe considered that the best candidate for these events was the end of the Hyksos period, marked by serious disturbances including, when the Asiatics (‘3mw) were in the Delta. Van Seters286, thanks to the internal data of the document (social, cultural and political), because the dating by philology is imprecise, scribes being conservative valued the archaistic style, was able to date these catastrophic events to the end of the Hyksos era

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