1 jan 1036 ano antes da era comum - Beth Shemesh Ostracon

Descrição:

Further Light on the Biblical Connection of the Beth Shemesh Ostracon by William Shea

Finally, then, the Beth Shemesh Ostracon may be transcribed as a whole as follows:

Obverse:
1.To Uzzah - 1
2. (&) Eleazar - 1
3. (&) Abinadab - 1

Reverse:
[To] Sons of Ammon: Hanun - 1

The text has turned out to be a record of considerable histori- cal significance in spite of its brevity, its damage, and its mundane purpose. Each of the four persons named by it has biblical connec- tions: Abinadab in 1 Sam 7 and 2 Sam 6; Eleazar in 1 Sam 7; Uzzah in 2 Sam 6; and finally, Hanun of the Ammonites in 2 Sam 10.

An Interpretation
The best sense with which to read these lines is that the beth should be read vertically with the nun below it, making up the word bn or benZ for "sons" in plural construct with the word which follows. That next word should be read left to right as Cmn, or Hmmon, according to a suggestion put forth by Colless in his study of this text.lZ The next line should then be read boustro- phedon, from right to left as hnn or Hanun. The word on line 3 is obviously a personal name, whereas that which precedes it is an identifier for this individual-a person who is one of the benZ 'Ammon, the common biblical designation for the country and people of the Ammonites.
There is one dot below the name of Hanun, and that is for the quantity of material which he received. No similar dots appear above the name of CAmmon. Thus this side of the sherd should be transliterated:
1) b-2)-en2Hmmon: 3)Hanun-1.
The name of Hanun, identified here as an Ammonite, is of considerable historical interest, as the king of the Ammonites whom David engaged (according to 2 Sam 10) was also named Hanun. Since we know that David was a contemporary of Abinadab, Elea- zar, and Uzzah (of Kiriath-Jearim), named on the obverse of this sherd, and that he was also a contemporary of Hanun of the Ammonites, the Hanun identified as an Ammonite on the reverse of this sherd was also a contemporary of those three residents of Kiriath-Jearim. For an Ammonite to have sent as far as Beth Shemesh on the western slope or Shephelah of Judah to trade or purchase, he must have been a figure of some importance in his own country, as Hanun was. At the time represented by the writing of the sherd, the ark had not yet been transported to Jerusalem (because Uzzah was still alive), and Hanun was probably still crown prince, since his father Nahash was still alive at this time, according to 2 Sam 10:l. As crown prince, Hanun still fits the position of importance among the Ammonites that the Beth She- mesh Ostracon would accord him.

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