1 nov 1595 ano antes da era comum - ANCHOR Heliacal Rising of Sirius

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EGYPTIAN CHRONOLOGY THROUGH ASTRONOMICALLY DATED SYNCHRONISMS by Gerard Gertoux

The Theban Desert Road Survey in 1991 uncovered the ancient Alamat Tal Road between Thebes and Gebel Tjauti where a rock was found that dates a heliacal rising of Sothis. Now called the Gebel Tjauti Rock Inscription 11, it was published in 2002 by John C. Darnell. The text reads:

Regnal year 11, second month of the Shemu season, day 20: Observing the (heliacal) rising of Sothis.

The date is II šmw 20, in the 11th year of an unnamed king. Darnell notes: The inscription does not record the day of celebration of the heliacal rising of Sothis but rather purports to record the actual sighting (m33) itself. Take at face value, the text suggests an observation at Gebel Tjauti, probably from the top of the plateau112 a few minutes climb up, considering the somewhat limited view of the horizon from the level of the inscription shelf. The observation would appear to have been made from a spot jut to the south of the point where the ‘Alamat Tal Road reaches the top of the high desert, an area in which there are a number of huts and many small cairns, all surrounded by considerable amounts of Middle Kingdom, Second Intermediate Period, and early Eighteen Dynasty pottery. This is the only observation of the heliacal rising of Sothis/Sirius from ancient Egypt for which one may say that the location of the point of observation, at least down to the minutes, and the elevation, approximately 450 meters above sea level, are known (...) Taking into account that for each additional degree of latitude southward the heliacal rising of Sothis occurs one day earlier, the II šmw 20 heliacal rising of Sothis recorded at Gebel Tjauti would appear to have occurred during the first decade of the sixteenth century B.C. Preliminary calculations using P. V. Neugebauer’s tables and assuming an arcus visionis of 8.4 suggest that the Gebel Tjauti observation occurred on the morning of 11 July during one of the years from 1593 to 1590 B.C. (Darnell, Darnell: 2002, 49-52). The name of the king is unknown, but his reign must have covered the period 1600-1590 BCE, according to astronomy, which makes it possible to attribute this reign to Sobekhotep IX, the successor of Sobekhotep VIII. According to this chronology, the 11th year of Sobekhotep IX's reign coincided with the 23rd year of Apopi's reign.

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