1 out 673 ano antes da era comum - Shattering of Israel (Ephraim)

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ASSYRIAN AND BIBLICAL CHRONOLOGIES ARE THEY RELIABLE? by Gerard Gertoux

Sargon II destroyed Samaria the capital of Israel in 720 but the shattering of Israel occurred later when Assyrian kings took into exile some nations and settled them in the cities of Samaria: they immediately approached Zerubbabel and the heads of the paternal houses and said to them (in 537): Let us build along with you; for like you, we worship your God and we have been sacrificing to him since the days of King Esarhaddon of Assyria, who brought us here (...) and the rest of the nations that the great and honourable Asenappar (Aššurbanipal) took into exile and settled in the cities of Samaria, and the rest in the region Beyond the River (Ezr 4:2,10). In addition, regarding King Manasseh: So Jehovah brought against them the (two) army chiefs of the king of Assyria, and theycaptured Manasseh with hooks and bound him with two copper fetters and took him to Babylon. In his distress, he begged Jehovah his God for favour and kept humbling himself greatly before the God of his forefathers. He kept praying to Him, and He was moved by his entreaty and heard his request for favour, and He restored him to Jerusalem to his kingship. Then Manasseh came to know that Jehovah is the true God (2Ch 33:11). The harmonizing of all the information is consistent: two Assyrian kings, Esarhaddon (681-669) and Aššurbanipal, came in 673 to take into exile some foreigners to settle them in the cities of Samaria and they also brought back King Manasseh to put him in jail but they released him rapidly. This version of events is partly confirmed by the annals of Esarhaddon and Aššurbanipal150. The Prism B of Esarhaddon reads: I called up the kings of the country Hatti and (of the region) on the other side of the river (Euphrates): Ba’lu, king of Tyre, Manasseh (Me-na-si-i) king of Judah (Ia-ú-di), Qaushgabri, king of Edom, Musuri, king of Moab, Sil- Bel, king of Gaza, Metinti, kong of Ashkelon, Ikausu, king of Ekron, Milkiashapa, king of Byblos, Matanba’al, king of Arvad (...) together 22 kings of Hatti, the seashore and the islands; all these I sent out and made them transport under terrible difficulties, to Nineveh, the town (where I exercise) my rulership. This inscription is dated the eponym Atarilu151, in 673, which corresponds exactly to the biblical dating, however the same events on the Rassam Cylinder are dated the 1st campaign of Aššurbanipal: In my 1st campaign I marched against Upper Egypt (Magan) and Ethiopia (Meluhha). Tirhakah (Tarqû), king of Egypt (Muṣur) and Nubia (Kûsu), whom Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, my own father, had defeated and in whose country he (Esarhaddon) had ruled (...) During my march (to Egypt) 22 kings from the seashore, the islands and the mainland: Ba’al, king of Tyre, Manasseh (Mi-in-si-e), king of Judah (Ia-ú-di), Qaushgabri, king of Edom (...) Tirhakah heard un Memphis of the defeat of his army (...) Tirhakah has been driven out of Egypt (...) They (the officers) arrested these kings and put their hands and feet in iron cuffs and fetters (...) Those kings who repeatedly schemed, they brought alive to me to Nineveh. From all of them, I had only mercy upon Necho and granted him life. I made (a treaty) with him (protected by) oaths which greatly surpassed (those of the former treaty) (...) In my 2nd campaign I marched directly against Egypt and Nubia (...) In my 3rd campaign I marched against Ba’il, king of Tyre. Given that the 1st campaign of Aššurbanipal (669-627) as King is dated 668, the events relate rather during his 1st campaign as co-regent (in 673).

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EXAMINATION OF ANACHRONISMS IN BIBLICAL AND ASSYRIAN CHRONOLOGIES 21
rest of the nations that the great and honourable Asenappar (Aššurbanipal) took into exile and settled in the cities of Samaria, and the rest in the region Beyond the River (Ezr 4:2,10). In addition, regarding King Manasseh: So, Jehovah brought against them the (two) army chiefs of the king of Assyria, and they captured Manasseh with hooks and bound him with two copper fetters and took him to Babylon. In his distress, he begged Jehovah his God for favour and kept humbling himself greatly before the God of his forefathers. He kept praying to Him, and He was moved by his entreaty and heard his request for favour, and He restored him to Jerusalem to his kingship (2Ch 33:11).

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