16 jul 523 ano antes da era comum - ANCHOR Partial Lunar Eclipse Yr 7 of Cambyses

Descrição:

Queen Esther wife of Xerxes Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence by Gerard Gertoux

Anchor date (year 7 of Cambyses in 523 BCE) owing to tablet BM 33066125:
19 Year 7 month IV, night 14, 1 2/3 beru (= 50° = 50x4 minutes) after sunset,
20 the Moon makes a total eclipse, [but] a little is left over, north [wind] went.
21 month X, night 14, 2 1/2 beru (= 75° = 75x4 minutes) to sunrise are left over,
22 the Moon makes a total eclipse. South and north, clouded, went.
The sentence "a little is left over" is unusual (a guess of copyist for a damaged tablet)
but the partial eclipse may be dated 523 BCE July 16/17 [mag. = 0.54] and the total eclipse 522 BCE January 9/10126. Claudius Ptolemy had to know the original tablet because he gave the right magnitude of 0.50 for the partial eclipse (Almagest V:14).

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http://www.adamoh.org/TreeOfLife.wan.io/OTCh/BM_33066-Cambyses_clay_tablet/BM_33066-Cambyses_7th_year_astronomy_clay_tablet-Initial_Review.htm

In this Initial Review of mine, I first scanned Espenak’s Lunar Phases Tables (formerly NASA’s) for possible lunar eclipses during the years 540-500 BCE fitting lines 19-22 on the reverse side of BM 33066. Following that, I traced Jupiter’s path through the same time period. Initially, I found only two possible eclipse pairs. As it turned out, Jupiter’s path through Virgo fell within the same two time periods as said eclipse pairs: 1) 524-521 BCE and, 2) 512-509 BCE. Upon closer examination, it soon became clear that, re the 512-509 BCE scenario, the Jupiter events as dated on BM 33066 were incompatible with the available lunar eclipses, thus leaving the 524-521 BCE scenario as the only viable option.

In particular, this preliminary study made it quite clear that BM 33066… (cf. the bold italicized text within the available footnotes:)

1. “Based upon the face and format of this astronomical record, it is clear… that the originator of the record was using the Babylonian calendar… beginning each year… month number one.”

2. The beginning of each month is based upon the observable New Moon only.

3. Re the Jupiter events:

The term ‘Virgo’ is a reference to Gamma Virgo, Porrima (i.e. not a reference to either the constellation Virgo, nor to Alpha Virgo, Spica.)

“The 22nd day of Moon 5 began at sunset August 22, 523 BCE, which is the very day when Jupiter passed Gamma Virgo!

“The 22nd day of Moon 6 began at sunset September 21+, 523 BCE, which is when Jupiter and Porrima became visible together on the morning horizon.

“Notice: These two observations, taken together, makes lines 1-2 [reverse] a statement re the visibility – and evidence of an actual firsthand observation - of the setting star Porrima over the western horizon. Cf. Jupiter’s visibility over the eastern horizon!”

4. The lunar eclipses of lines 19-22 reverse are identifiable as follows: “Within the 7th year beginning in the spring of 523 BCE… we… find two lunar eclipses…, both of them visible from the Baghdad horizon: A partial (53.15%) eclipse on July 17, 523 BCE and a total eclipse on January 10, 522 BCE” (cf. footnote #1.)

5. “The New Moon of Abib [month number 1 of] year 7 began at sunset on April (5 or) 6, 523 BCE… illum.: 0.81%.”

6. “After reviewing the available Jupiter events and the available lunar eclipses, we may narrow our considerations of the Venus events…

“Day 10 of Moon 3 of year 7 began at sunset June 12, 523 BCE. Seems we have a problem here: Venus is in front of Cancer, not [immediately in front of] Leo! However, seeing that the first star visible with Venus on the evening sky was Regulus, alpha Leo, this… makes much sense!

“Day 27 of Moon 3 of year 7 began at sunset June 29, 523 BCE. Seems that here too we may have a problem?! Venus is in the area of Gemini, NOT in Cancer. However, the Sun is in Cancer. Perhaps this is an error in translation?... the correct answer is found in recognizing that the Sun too is a star and that the Sun was, at that time, in Cancer! Indeed, as represented by my astronomy software, SNB, Venus was visible even before sunset!...

“Indeed, to me, both of these Venus notations seems powerful evidence of the astronomer’s actual first hand observation of these events, that is, as opposed to theoretical calculations as some are suggesting.”

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