1 maio 2 ano antes da era comum - Census of Augustus (Luke 2:1)

Descrição:

Paul Orosius, Book 7, Chapters 1-25 : 1 to 309 A.D. Adapted from the translation by I.W. Raymond (1936)

In the seven hundred and fifty-second year of the City, Christ was born and brought the religion that gives salvation to the world. 2 ...He began His own sufferings as soon as He was brought into the world by the Virgin's labour. For no sooner had Herod, king of Judaea, learned of His birth than he resolved to slay Him and, while he was seeking out this one infant, had a great many infants put to death.
4 After the Lord Jesus Christ, the Redeemer of the world, had come to earth and had been enrolled in Caesar's census as a Roman citizen...

_____

Orosius, Book 6, Chapters 13-22 : 55 to 1 B.C.
Adapted from the translation by I.W. Raymond (1936).

In the year of the city seven hundred and fifty-two, when all nations, from the East to the West, from the North to the South, and throughout the entire circuit of the Ocean, were united in the bonds of peace, Caesar Augustus had the Gates of Janus closed for the third time... 5 At that time, that is, in the year when Caesar, by God's ordination, established the firmest and truest peace, Christ was born

_____

Herod the Great and Jesus Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Gérard GERTOUX

According to Luke 2:1: Now at this time Caesar Augustus issued a decree for a census of the whole world to be taken. This census — the first — took place while Quirinius was governor of Syria. The historian Paul Orosius precisely dated the census of Augustus in the year 752 of Rome (Histories against the pagans VI:22:1; VII:3:4) or in 2 BCE. According to Josephus: Quirinius had then liquidated the estate of Archelaus; and by this time the registrations of property that took place in the 37th year after Caesar's defeat of Antony [in 6 CE] at Actium were complete (Jewish Antiquities XVIII:1-4, 26). The first registration under Herod the Great, as the census of Apamea, was made to know the number of citizens and it is not to be confused with the one implemented in Judea by Quirinius when he came to ensure the liquidation of property of Herod Archelaus after his disgrace, and of which Josephus says it was followed by an evaluation of property. This two-step operation did not have the same nature, nor the same goal, or the same geographical scope as the previous one. It was conducted according to the principles of the Roman capitation and not according to Hebrew customs, and only covered the sole Judea, not Galilee. General censuses were performed every 5 years (= 1 lustre) as can be deduced from those reported by Cassius Dio. The census prior to the one of 4 CE, confined to Italy (Cassius Dio LV:13), was performed in 2 BCE.

The first registration of Quirinius was decreed by Caesar Augustus when he was declared ‘Father of the Country’ on February 5, 2 BCE and then inscribed (Breviarium)62 on the Forum of Augustus (Res Gestae §35). According to Velleius Paterculus: other countries whose names adorn his Forum (The Roman History II:39:2). This special registration which took place at the time of Jesus' birth, unique in all the Roman annals (an inventory of the whole world!), had been announced in the biblical text: In his place will rise a king who will send an exactor [census taker] in the most beautiful part of the world [Palestine] (Daniel 11:20, Zadoc Kahn).

Jesus was born during a general registration (which was a special census) of the Roman Empire. As they were quinquennial (every 5 years) and as these censuses at the beginning of our era are well known because they are dated respectively 4, 9 and 14 CE, it is easy to deduce that the previous one had to have taken place in summer 2 BCE. This coincidence is not accidental because on February 5, 2 BCE, Emperor Augustus became the "Father of the country" and decreed this opportunity to "inventory the world."

Two elements of Res Gestae accredit indirectly an inventory in 2 BCE. If Augustus can boast having given (some donativa) 60 deniers to 200,000 persons during his 13th consulate in 2 BCE (Res Gestae 15), it is because these persons had been recorded156, otherwise how could Augustus predict how many? Augustus also boasts of giving 600 million sesterces to the soldiers of Italy and 260 million to the soldiers in the provinces (Gestae Res 16). The money given to soldiers in consulates of Lucius Caninius and Quintus Fabricius coincides with the inventory of 2 BCE. Historian Paul Orosius (in 417 CE) also place the census of Augustus quoted by Luke in the year 752 of Rome (Histories against the Pagans VI:22,1; VII:3-4) or 2 BCE, just before Caius Caesar's departure to the East in 1 BCE. The census of 2 BCE was special because it was an ‘inventory of the world’. As the program of this inventory (breviarium totius imperii) was posted in 2 BCE (Res Gestae §35) in the temple of Mars Ultor on May 12, the census would have begun after that date and the birth of Jesus therefore took place after June 2 BCE.

Adicionado na linha do tempo:

Data: