1 jan 870 ano antes da era comum - Tel-Dan Stele

Descrição:

Dated from 870-750 BC

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Kings David and Solomon Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Gérard GERTOUX

The other stela is that of Hazael, king of Syria (885-840), which assigns to him the simultaneous execution of two kings, Jehoram king of Israel and Ahazyahu king of the House of David, killed in fact by Jehu according to the biblical text: he went with Jehoram the son of Ahab to the war against Hazael the king of Syria at Ramoth-gilead, but the Syrians struck down Jehoram. So Jehoram the king returned to get healed at Jezreel from the wounds that the Syrians got to inflict upon him at Ramah when he fought Hazael the king of Syria. As for Ahazyahu the son of Jehoram the king of Judah, he went down to see Jehoram the son of Ahab in Jezreel, for he was sick (...) Jehoram the king of Israel and Ahazyahu the king of Judah went out, each in his own war chariot. As they continued on out to meet Jehu, they got to find him in the tract of land of Naboth the Jezreelite (...) And Jehu himself filled his hand with a bow and proceeded to shoot Jehoram between the arms, so that the arrow came out at his heart, and he collapsed in his war chariot (2Ki 8:28-9:29). In addition to the biblical names Jehoram and Ahazyahu, we note the presence of the words "King of Israel" and "House of David" in lines 8 and 9 of this stele.
1. [.....................].......[...................................] and cut [.......................]
2. [.........] my father went up [....................f]ighting at/against Ab[....]
3. And my father lay down; he went to his [fathers]. And the king of I[s-]
4. -rael penetrated into my father's land[. And] Hadad made me-myself-king
5. And Hadad went in front of me[, and] I departed from .........[.................]
6. of my kings. And I killed two [power]ful kin[gs], who harnessed two thou[sand cha-] 7. -riots and two thousand horsemen. [I killed Jeho]ram son of [Ahab]
8. king of Israel, and I killed [Ahaz]yahu son of [Jehoram kin]g
9. of the House of David. And I set [..............................................]
10. their land ...[.....................................................................................]
11. other ...[................................................................... and Jehu ru-]
12. -led over Is[rael ...............................................................................]
13. siege upon [......................................................................................]

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EXAMINATION OF ANACHRONISMS IN BIBLICAL AND ASSYRIAN CHRONOLOGIES by Gerard Gertoux

Another example that proves that the ‘House of David’ was known in the 9th century BCE comes from the Tel Dan stele of which Hazael (885-840), the powerful king of Syria, is the author. In this stele he attributes the simultaneous execution of Jehoram (897-885) king of Israel and Achazyahu (886-885) king of the ‘House of David’, who were killed by Jehu (885-856) according to the biblical text.

He went with Jehoram the son of Achab to the war against Hazael the king of Syria at Ramoth- gilead, but the Syrians struck down Jehoram. So Jehoram the king returned to get healed at Jezreel from the wounds that the Syrians got to inflict upon him at Ramah when he fought Hazael the king of Syria. As for Achazyahu the son of Jehoram the king of Judah (‘House of David’), he went down to see Jehoram the son of Achab in Jezreel, for he was sick (...) Jehoram the king of Israel and Achazyahu the king of Judah went out, each in his own war chariot. As they continued on out to meet Jehu, they got to find him in the tract of land of Naboth the Jezreelite (...) And Jehu himself filled his hand with a bow and proceeded to shoot Jehoram between the arms, so that the arrow came out at his heart, and he collapsed in his war chariot (2Ki 8:28-9:29).

The Tel Dan stele thus confirms the biblical text on the following points: 1) the name and title of the kings, [Jeho]ram king of Israel and [Achaz]yahu king of the House of David, 2) simultaneous execution of these two kings in 885 BCE at the beginning of the reign of Hazael. It is remarkable that this powerful Syrian king (he had opposed Shalmaneser III on several occasions) refers to the king of Judah as king of the house of David, which proves that this expression was better known in his time and therefore that David was considered the founder of the dynasty. If David had only been the head of a local chiefdom, how could he have been known to Mesha, the king of Moab and Hazael, the king of Syria.

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