1 jan 1010 ano antes da era comum - City of Shaaraim Excavation

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Qeiyafa Ostracon Relates the Birth of the Kingdom of Israel, Gerard Leval Investigates the Inscription from Khirbet Qeiyafa, Biblical Archaeology Society Staff, May 07, 2012

The excavators at Khirbet Qeiyafa identify the site with Biblical Shaarayim. After David slays Goliath, the Israelites pursue the Philistines “on the way to Shaarayim” (1 Samuel 17:52). According to the Bible, Shaarayim must have existed during Saul’s reign, and finds from Khirbet Qeiyafa corroborate the chronology.

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VALLEY OF DAVID AND GOLIATH? – PART 1&2
Kari Rohde | February 2&9, 2017 | Patterns of Evidence

In 2007, excavation began to uncover what we now know is an ancient fortress city that overlooks Elah Valley, where the biblical narratives place the battle between David and Goliath.

The construction of the city offers many clues as to who built it. It is believed to be from the First Temple period. For it’s time, it is an impressive structure.

Also of note is the physical structure of the fortress; including “casemate walls – two thinner, parallel walls with empty space between and a belt of houses abutting the casements, incorporating them as part of the construction.” This type of planning has not been found at any Canaanite or Philistine city or in the northern Kingdom of Israel. However it is a common feature of city planning in other Judean cities like; Beersheba, Tell Beit Mirsim, Tell en-Nasbeh and Tell Beth-Shemesh. Khirbet Qeiyafa is the earliest known example of this city plan.

According to Science Daily, one of the buildings is identified by the researchers as “David’s palace, and the other structure served as an enormous royal storeroom.” They also state, “The palace is located in the center of the site and controls all of the houses lower than it in the city. From here one has an excellent vantage looking out into the distance, from as far as the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Hebron Mountains and Jerusalem in the east.

Early on, one gate (now called the Western gate) had been discovered which is typical for a fortified city. No other excavated city in this region had more than one gate. However, when a second gate was discovered, the evidence once again pointed to a city mentioned in the Bible from the time of David.

As Jay Wile notes, the Old Testament references a city with this description three different times (Joshua 15:36, 1 Samuel 17:52, and 1 Chronicles 4:31). “It is called ‘Shaaraim,’ and in Hebrew, that means ‘two gates.’ This excavation is in a location consistent with how Shaaraim is mentioned in the Old Testament, and it has been dated to the corresponding time period. In addition, since the excavation is the only one from that time period with two gates, this gives strong supporting archaeological evidence for those passages in the Old Testament. Most likely, then, the excavation known as Khirbat Qeiyafa is an excavation of the Biblical city of Shaaraim!”

Furthermore it is situated between the ancient sites of Socoh and Azekah, on the border between the Philistines and the Judeans, where the biblical narratives place the battle between David and Goliath; with one gate pointing towards Philistia and the other opening down to the Elah Valley that eventually connects to Jerusalem, solid evidence that Khirbet Qeiyafa is the biblical city of Shaaraim.

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Kings David and Solomon Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Gérard GERTOUX

The excavations at Tell Qeiyafa (the camp enclosure of 1Samuel 17:20?) have identified the city Shaaraim15 which was inhabited until the reign of David (1Ch 4:31; 1Sa 17:52). The end of this city has been dated -1010 +/- 40 by 14C dating through olive pits found on the site. Not only does this town date back from the time of David but excavations have also unearthed a Hebrew inscription (opposite figure), which reads:
[... your neighbour?]
1) do not exploit, and serve G[od]. Despised by (Lv 19:13)
2) the judge, and the widow wept, he had the power
3) over the foreign resident and the child, he suppressed them together.
4) The men and the chiefs have established a king (1Sa 8:10)
5) Devoting <sixty> servants among the generations.

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https://bibleatlas.org/shaaraim.htm

SHAARAIM
sha-a-ra'-im (sha`arayim, "two gates"; Sakareim; the King James Version Sharaim):

(1) A city in the Shephelah or "lowland" of Judah mentioned (Joshua 15:36) in close association with Socoh and Azekah; the vanquished army of the Philistines passed a Shaaraim in their flight from Socoh toward Gath and Ekron (1 Samuel 17:52). It is possible that in this latter reference the "two gates" may refer-as Septuagint implies-to the two Philistine strongholds themselves. Shaaraim has been identified with Tell Zakariya (see however AZEKAH) and with Kh. Sa`ireh (PEF, III, 124, Sh XVII), an old site West of Beit `Atab. Both proposals are hazardous.

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https://www.israel365news.com
ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROOF OF DAVID VS. GOLIATH BATTLE ON DISPLAY IN JERUSALEM
BY TAZPIT PRESS SERVICE | AUG 31, 2016 | BIBLICAL NEWS

“But what we did find is archaeological evidence of the social process of urbanization in Judea.”
According to Prof. Garfinkel, the evidence of urbanization fits in with what is described in the Bible as the establishment of the Kingdom of David, when small agrarian communities were replaced by fortified towns. “The chronology fits the Biblical narrative perfectly. Carbon tests performed on the olive pits found in Khirbet Qeiyafa show that the town was built at the end of the 11th century BCE,” Garfinkel explained to TPS.
The geographical location of the town also fits right in line with the Biblical depiction of Shaarayim, mentioned in the context of the aftermath of the battle between David and Goliath when the Philistines “fell on the way to Shaarayim.” The town is also mentioned in the book of Joshua as being situated near Socho and Azeka, two archaeological sites surrounding Khirbet Qeiyafa.
Other remarkable findings at the site include two inscriptions in the Canaanite script that are considered to be the earliest written attestation to date as to the use of the Hebrew language. A pottery shard contains the distinctly identifiable Hebrew words of “king,” “don’t do,” and “judge.”

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