1 jan 980 ano antes da era comum - ANCHOR: Shoshenq I Ascends

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Dating the foundation of Carthage by Gerard GERTOUX
A lunar eclipse dated on 25 (or 29) Shemu IV of the 15th year of Takelot II mentioned in the Osorkon Chronicle can fix this reign by astronomy. Camino published this chronicle but he doubted that the sentence: in the regnal year 15, 4th month of Shemu, day 25, under the Majesty of his august father, the god who rules Thebes [Takelot II], the sky has not swallowed the moon, could be understood as a lunar eclipse, because the expression was in negative form. In fact, by superstition, the Egyptians never mentioned the eclipses, except in the negative. Parker noticed that a lunar eclipse was described: so that the sky will not swallow the moon the 16th lunar day [mspr] in the region of Heliopolis and that the one dated IV Shemu 25 of the 15th year coincided with the total lunar eclipse of March 13, 851 BCE.As Parker noted, if the scribe recorded precisely the date of the revolt41 which was close to the lunar eclipse it was to note a coincidence with this bad omen rather than a lack of coincidence. The total lunar eclipse as coincidence has been noticed. The revolt (March 13) preceded the eclipse (March 17) by a few days (which should have been the opposite if it had been an "normal" omen). The eclipse of March 17, 851 BCE thus fixes Takelot II's accession to 865 BCE. Using the length of Osorkon II's reign of 44 years, instead of 24 years42, the accession of Shoshenq I has to be fixed in 980 BCE. This Egyptian chronology, anchored on astronomy, is independent of the biblical chronology and to check several synchronisms with pharaohs as Shoshenq I, written Shishak in 1Kings 14:25, and Osorkon IV, written So43 in 2Kings 17:6 (Segor in the LXX).

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Kings David and Solomon Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Gérard GERTOUX

The name David appears also among toponyms of the south of Palestine, on the list of Shoshenq I, as [ḥ3]-y-d-b-[i]3 d-y-w3-ti "[the heights?] of David25".

Most scholars agree in identifying Shoshenq I, founder of the 22nd Dynasty, with the biblical ‘Shishak, king of Egypt’ who, according to 1Kings 14:25-26 and 2 Chronicles 12:2- 9, came to Jerusalem and despoiled the Temple of Solomon in Year 5 of Rehoboam.

When Rehoboam had consolidated the kingdom and become strong, he, and all Israel with him, abandoned the Law of Yahweh; and thus it happened that in the fifth year of King Rehoboam, Shishak king of Egypt marched on Jerusalem, because they had been unfaithful to Yahweh, with twelve hundred chariots and sixty thousand cavalry and countless hordes of Libyans, Sukkiim and Cushites who came from Egypt with him. They captured the fortified towns of Judah and reached Jerusalem (...) So Shishak king of Egypt advanced on Jerusalem and carried off the treasures of the Temple and the treasures of the royal palace. He took everything away, including the golden shields which Solomon had made (2Ch 12:1-4,9). Since Rehoboam appears to have kept his throne and not to have been taken prisoner, one could suggest, for instance, that he temporarily left Jerusalem to take refuge elsewhere, an attitude that we could liken to David’s, when faced with the revolt of Absalom (2Sa 15:14), or more likely, he could accept tacitly that Shoshenq took the treasures of the Temple of the royal palace (an authorized looting to show his implied submission!), according to the reading: He [Shishak] got to take (1Ki 14:26). Thus, Shoshenq considered in his campaign record that he had subjugated Judah.

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