21 h 3 abr 33 ano - Jesus Crucified, April 3, 33 AD Passover #4

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A jubilee year! (The jubilee year of 133 AD is well attested in the Handbook of Biblical Chronology by J. Finegan)

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Herod the Great and Jesus Chronological, Historical and Archaeological Evidence
Gérard GERTOUX

In fact, the earliest source which dates the death of Jesus (in 33 CE) is the Greek historian Phlegon of Tralles who completed in 140 CE his chronology of the most important events dated by Olympiads. Matthew mentions, for example, both an earthquake and surprising darkness (Mt 27:45-54), and not a solar eclipse during the death of Jesus from noon to 3 p.m., the hour of prayer, according to Acts 3:1 (these 3 hours are beyond the duration of a solar eclipse). Several authors report this exceptional darkening. Thallus, a Samaritan historian of the 1st century, said in the third book of his Histories, quoted by Julius Africanus176 (c. 220 CE): A most terrible darkness fell over all the world, the rocks were torn apart by an earthquake, and many places both in Judea and the rest of the world were thrown down. Phlegon of Tralles gives a specific date, reported by Eusebius: In the 4th year, however, of Olympiad 202, an eclipse of the sun happened, greater and more excellent than any that had happened before it; at the 6th hour, day turned into dark night, so that the stars were seen in the sky, and an earthquake in Bithynia toppled many buildings of the city of Nicaea177. The 4th year of the 202nd Olympiad is from July 32 to June 33 CE, which confirms the date of 3 April 33 CE. This information was considered reliable at the time because Origen (in 248 CE) quoted it to refute Celsus (Against Celsus II:14,33,59), a Greek philosopher very critical of Christianity but familiar with history. Eusebius178 also stated in his quotation from Phlegon that Jesus began his ministry in the 15th year of Tiberius and died 3 years later in the year 18. He gave a more accurate duration of not quite 4 years in another of his books (Ecclesiastical History I:10:2). Jerome, who published the chronicle of Eusebius, regarded it as reliable. According to Irenaeus, some heretics propagated (in 177 CE) a period of only 1 year for the ministry of Jesus (Against Heresies II:22:5).

Two elements provided by the Gospels can confirm this dating (3 April 33 CE) by astronomy. The day of the Passover could coincide with any day of the week, but the next day, corresponding to the first day of the feast of unleavened bread was to be a Sabbath (Lv 23:5-7). If this Sabbath (15 Nisan) coincided with the usual Sabbath on Saturday, it was called a "great Sabbath". As Jesus was resurrected on the first day of the week of the Jewish system (Jn 19:31; 20:1), on Sunday, he died on Friday 14 Nisan. It is possible to calculate what was the day of the week corresponding to 14 Nisan. Thus the only year for which 14 Nisan falls on a Friday 179 during the period from 27 to 35 CE is the year 33.

A second confirmation of 33 CE comes from the book of Acts describing celestial phenomena that occurred at the death of Jesus: The sun will be turned into darkness and the moon into blood (Acts 2:20), text already describing a lunar eclipse just before the destruction of the first Temple180 (Jl 3:3-5). Generally, during a lunar eclipse it appears blood-red, which is the most natural explanation of the text of Acts.
There was actually a partial eclipse of the moon on Friday 3 April 33, which began towards 3:40 p.m. and was visible in Jerusalem from 5:50 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. It is also, according to astronomical calculations181, the only one falling on Friday182 between 26 and 36 CE, period of Pilate's legation in Judea

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Eusebius states temple destroyed 40 yrs later

49 years after temple started by Herod

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