Gregory VII (16 magg 1073 anni – 3 feb 1085 anni)

Descrizione:

Introduced the Gregorian calendar. Condemned simony and introduced universal celibacy among the clergy.

He also declared papal authority to be blessed, and therefore lawful and able to bestow imperial and royal power.

Opposed by the king of Germany, Henry IV, in the investiture controversy - a conflict of church and state.

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