Migration Period (Barbarian Invasions) (1 lugl 375 anni – 1 lugl 538 anni)

Descrizione:

A period that lasted from 375 AD (possibly as early as 300 AD) to 538 AD, during which there were widespread invasions of peoples within or into Europe, during and after the decline of the Western Roman Empire. Many of the migrations were movements of Germanic, Hunnic, Slavic, and other peoples into the territory of the then declining Roman Empire, with or without accompanying invasions or war.
Germanic peoples had moved out of southern Scandinavia and northern Germany to the adjacent lands between the Elbe and Oder after 1000 BC. The first wave moved westward and southward (pushing the resident Celts west to the Rhine by about 200 BC), moving into southern Germany up to the Roman provinces of Gaul and Cisalpine Gaul by 100 BC, where they were stopped by Gaius Marius and Julius Caesar.
The first phase of invasions occurred between AD 300 and 500. By 370 AD, the Huns, a nomadic Central Asian people, had arrived on the Volga, and by 430 had established a vast, if short-lived, dominion in Europe, conquering the Goths and other Germanic peoples living outside of Roman borders, and causing many others to flee into Roman territory. In 451, under King Attila, the Huns invaded Gaul, and in 452 they invaded Italy. After Attila's death in 453, the Huns ceased to be a major threat to Rome. The Gothic Tervingi entered Roman territory (after a clash with the Huns) in 376. The Visigoths, a group derived either from the Tervingi or from a fusion of mainly Gothic groups, eventually invaded Italy and sacked Rome in 410, before settling in Gaul, and then, 50 years later, in Iberia, founding a kingdom that lasted for 250 years. They were followed into Roman territory first by a confederation of Herulian, Rugian, and Scirian warriors, under Odoacer, that deposed Romulus Augustulus (considered the "last Western Roman Emperor" on 4 September 476, and later by the Ostrogoths, led by Theodoric the Great, who settled in Italy. In Gaul, the Franks (a fusion of western Germanic tribes whose leaders had been aligned with Rome since the third century AD) entered Roman lands gradually during the fifth century, and after consolidating power under Childeric and his son Clovis, established themselves as rulers of northern Roman Gaul. Fending off challenges from the Allemanni, Burgundians, and Visigoths, the Frankish kingdom became the nucleus of what would later become France and Germany. The initial Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain occurred during the fifth century, when Roman control of Britain had come to an end. The Burgundians settled in northwestern Italy, Switzerland and Eastern France in the fifth century.
The Eastern Roman Empire was less affected by migrations and survived until the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453.

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