Tuscarora War (14 apr 1711 anni – 11 feb 1715 anni)
Descrizione:
A war between the British, Dutch, and German settlers of North Carolina and the Southern Tuscarora tribe.
The Southern Tuscarora, led by Chief Hancock, launched a series of assaults along with Pamplico, Cothechney, Coree, Mattamuskeet, and Machapunga against the Europeans as revenge for encroachment, disease, and selling the Tuscarora into slavery. On September 22, they attacked and killed hundreds of colonial settlers. In response, along with assistance from South Carolina, Governor Edward Hyde put together a force of 528 men commanded by Colonel John Barnwell. His force was mostly composed of Native Americans, such as Captain Jack, a commander in Barnwell's force, along with Major Mackay and Captain William Bull. They attacked the Tuscarora on January 29, 1712 at their forts. He then marched to Fort Hancock, the main Tuscarora base, reaching it on March 1. By that time, many Native Americans in Barnwell's force had died or left to sell their new Tuscarora captives into slavery. Meanwhile, new European reinforcements from elsewhere in North Carolina, pushing the ratio of Europeans to Native Americans in his party up. He laid siege to Fort Hancock, but negotiated a peace treaty with the tribe due to his force's waning numbers and strength, as well as the fact that the Tuscarora had began torturing their captives.
For the North Carolinians, this was unacceptable. They persuaded Chief Tom Blount, chief of the neutral Northern Tuscarora, to take out Hancock. He did so, and Hancock was executed later that year. Barnwell was recalled and replaced by James Moore, who also mostly commanded Native Americans (over 900), including Yamasee and Cherokee. Moore's men killed or captured 950 Tuscarora, causing the rest to flee to New York.
The Tuscarora signed a treaty with the North Carolinians in June 1718, giving them land (that they already occupied) by the Roanoke River. The remaining Southern Tuscarora were forcefully relocated to the area. In 1722, the Tuscarora leader proclaimed everyone still in the South was to no longer be considered part of the tribe. Meanwhile, North Carolina chartered the designated Tuscarora land as Bertie County, and gradually began eroding it with speculators.
It is estimated to be the deadliest war in North Carolina's history as a colony.
Deaths:
200 whites
1000 Native Americans
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