Inca Empire (1 gen 1418 anni – 1 gen 1533 anni)

Descrizione:

The Inca Empire, founded by the Incas of a kingdom in Cuzco, ruled the lands around Lake Titicaca in South America before conquering and expanding as far as Quito and Santiago. The Incas themselves served as elites in both the military and the army, while conquered peoples served as typical soldiers. The Inca Empire was quite harsh towards conquered peoples who rebelled, expelling them to distant parts of the Empire. The Incas implemented taxes, established state owned agricultural and textile storehouses, and constructed roads. These roads were used for trading purposes and for communication between the capital of Cuzco and other lands of the empire. The Incas did not have a system of writing, but they used a system of threads of various different colors, lengths, thicknesses to record numerical records known as quipu. Furthermore, trade in the Inca Empire was controlled by the government, causing a lack of a large class of merchants. This meant that non-government sponsored trade only occured on a very local level. The Inca society consisted of four main classes: the rulers, the aristocrats, the priests, and the peasants. The rulers were believed to be descendants of the sun. They were worshipped like gods and revered both during their life and after their death. Priests and Aristocrats were equal in status, but the priests lived celibate, ascetic lives, while the Aristocrats lived relatively luxurious lives. Peasants lived in communities known as ayllu, where crops, tools, animals, work, and land were shared. Some peasants farmed on state lands, and others labored for the state(roads) as well. Inca religion revolved around gods, the most popular being the sun, and believed in the need to sacrifice and avoid sin(which could be absolved by priests) in order to reach the afterlife. (3.1)(3.2)

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