City Beautiful (1 gen 1893 anni – 19 marzo 1909 anni)

Descrizione:

Olmsted's plan was the basis for artistic success of the Chicago Fair. The plan (layout) was the first thing to consider when thinking about beautifying a city, then comes architecture and interior decoration.
Then followed a period of cities around the country to beautify through planning.
The same principles were applied to the redesign of Washington DC 1901-1902, to glorify the history and key figures - if at odds with American democratic traditions.
Burnham and some others as private individuals created beautification plans for cities. Burnham in particular created plans for free and gave to cities to use as they wished, many of them did not get implemented. There was no public participation process, just a few individuals' ideas, and sometimes multiple individuals coming in to create plans for the same city in successive years.
From 1905 - 1909 real organizations sought real plans for real places - and the lofty ideals of comprehensive city planning became realized through the City Beautiful Plan.
City Beautiful focused on the physical aspect of beautifying a city's public spaces like streets and parks. It did not address the social issues facing the cities at the time, such as conversion of vacant houses into cheap apartment units commercial stores, nor the plight of the working class.
There were reformers who envisioned districts or neighborhoods with a school as the civic and activity center - but Claren Arthur Perry only started developing the neighborhood unit concept in the 1910's and diagram it in the 1920's.
At the early 20c century City Beautiful movement led to divergence of thought - one focusing on Physical aspects (Physical Progressives), and the other on social progressives

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