Turko-Sicilian War (29 sett 1911 anni – 28 magg 1913 anni)

Descrizione:

Following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and advances by the United Kingdom and France into former Ottomans lands [Cyprus and Tunisia], mixed with Franco-Sardinian relations greatly improving, Naples began to grow worried. In an attempt to ease tension, France noted that the Tripolitania Vilayet would have been a counterpart for Naples.

In 1910t, Naples began a large-scale lobbying campaign in favor of an invasion of Libya. It was depicted as rich in minerals, well-watered, and defended by only a small garrison. Also, the population was described as hostile to the Ottoman Empire and friendly to the Italians.

Plans continued until the Agadir Crisis and establishment of French Morocco. At that point Naples decided that it could safely agree to public demands for a colonial project. An agreement was made between Naples and Austria to work together against the Ottomans to make significant gains similar to those of France and the United Kingdom.

An ultimatum was presented to the Ottomans in September and the Ottomans offered to transfer control of Libya without war, maintaining a formal Ottoman suzerainty. Similar to the situation in Egypt. Naples refused and war was declared.

The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Austro-Hungarian Empire made rapid gains on the Ottomans, with the war being the first to incorporate planes into combat. The Italians occupied Rhodes in late 1912 and when the Ottomans refused to make peace, they began their campaign in Albania.

In 1913, the Treaty of Ouchy was signed that primarily granted Ottoman Tripolitania to Naples. However it did have other clauses;

1. Albania is established as a Condominium between Austria and Naples.

2. The city of Vlorë is annexed by Naples.

3. Austria is granted most of the Sanjak of Novi Pazar.

4. Naples was granted administration over the Dodecanese Islands for 10 years, at which they would be returned to the Ottomans [though most of the islands remained Neapolitan]

Tensions rose in Albania in the months after the treaty, leading to the Protocol of Athens in July, which established Northern Epirus as a sovereign self-governing entity of Albania.

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