The Modernizing Czars, golden age of Russia's enlightenment (1 gen 1682 anni – 1 gen 1796 anni)

Descrizione:

-Peter I (Peter the Great), who ruled from 1682, sought to modernize Russia by learning from Western nations. He visited factories and museums, and even worked for a time in a shipyard

-He gained access to ports on the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea, and especially the Baltic Sea was seen as crucial for Russian trade.

-In 1696, he defeated Ottoman-backed forces to gain access to the Black Sea, and in 1723, Persia ceded Caspian coastline in exchange for military aid. However, it was taking territory from Sweden on the Baltic Sea in 1721 that changed Russia. It emerged as a European power.

-This territory became "Russia's window into the West." In this territory, Peter built St. Petersburg, a capital based on himself.

-He brought in European advisers and specialists, set up schools, and established an academy of sciences to promote new learning.

-Russia built factories, roads, made professional army and civil service on the European model.

-Catherine II, who led from 1762 to 1796. Catherine also founded schools and supported the arts and sciences. Ruled with an iron fist, allowing few freedoms and forcing Jews into a limited area called the Pale of Settlement.

-Catherine was not from Russia

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