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多瑪斯(Thomas, 1225~1274,義大利) 1. 教學如同醫術:多瑪斯在論教育一書中,取亞里斯多德「潛能性」及「實現性」觀念, 認定學習活動乃是將「先存」的「潛力」,透過自由活動,以求「實現」。 多瑪斯又分析潛力有二,一是主動的潛力,如病自癒的狀況;二是被動的潛力,如由氣生火, 氣本身不能生火,卻需點燃才能生。用在教育上,前者是「自我發現」,是內在的; 後者則是「教導」,是外在的。基本上而言,「自學」居最大的成分,「他教」只能作輔佐之用。 2. 抽象的文字符號之教學,重要性大過於個別的實物之認識。 「教師的言語文字比單單外在於心靈的可感覺物,更能在獲得知識上有較密切的關係, 因為文字及語言乃是領會內容的符號。」 (28 ottob 1225 anni – 9 feb 1274 anni)
Aggiunto al nastro di tempo:
西洋教育思想史
By
蘇芳瑩
25 lug 2018
0
0
2563
Data:
28 ottob 1225 anni
9 feb 1274 anni
~ 48 years
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