The Yom Kippur War (6 ottob 1973 anni – 25 ottob 1973 anni)

Descrizione:

The Yom Kippur War, also known as the Ramadan War, the October War, the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, or the Fourth Arab–Israeli War, was fought from 6 to 25 October 1973 between Israel and an Arab coalition led by Egypt and Syria. Most combat occurred in the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights, with some in African Egypt and northern Israel. Egypt aimed to gain a foothold on the eastern Suez Canal to negotiate the return of Sinai.

The war began on 6 October 1973, when the Arab coalition launched a surprise attack on Yom Kippur and during Ramadan. Both the US and Soviet Union resupplied their allies, leading to a confrontation between the superpowers.

Egyptian and Syrian forces crossed ceasefire lines into Sinai and the Golan Heights. Egypt's Operation Badr advanced into Sinai, and Syria initially made gains in the Golan Heights. After three days, Israel halted Egypt's advance, resulting in a stalemate, and pushed Syria back. Israel then counter-attacked into Syria, shelling near Damascus. Egypt's push into Sinai was repulsed, and Israel crossed the Suez Canal towards Suez City. A UN-brokered ceasefire on 22 October failed.

By 24 October, Israel had encircled the Egyptian Third Army and Suez City, nearing Cairo. Egypt repelled further Israeli advances at Ismailia and Suez, leading to heightened US-Soviet tensions. A second ceasefire on 25 October ended the war.

The war had significant implications. The Arab world felt vindicated after the 1967 defeat, and Israel realized it couldn't always dominate militarily. This led to the Israeli–Palestinian peace process, including the 1978 Camp David Accords, where Israel returned Sinai to Egypt, resulting in the 1979 peace treaty. Egypt then distanced itself from the Soviet Union.

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