Roman Empire (1 gen 63 anni a. C. – 1 gen 286 anni)

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The Roman Empire, starting from 27 BC with Octavian becoming Augustus, spanned across Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia and is noted for its massive territorial expanse and enduring influence on language, religion, and law. The Empire saw periods of peace like the Pax Romana and faced significant threats during the 3rd-century crisis, ultimately splitting into Western and Eastern segments. The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD, marking the start of the Middle Ages, while the Eastern Empire, known as Byzantium, lasted until 1453. Roman contributions to art, architecture, and governance profoundly shaped Western civilization and continue to be revered today.

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