Palaestina Salutaris (1 gen 300 anni – 1 gen 639 anni)

Descrizione:

Palaestina Salutaris, also known as Palaestina Tertia, was a Byzantine province formed around 300 CE during the administrative reforms of Diocletian. This province covered the Negev, most of the Sinai Peninsula except its northwestern coast, and the southwest part of Transjordan, south of the Dead Sea. Initially part of the larger province of Arabia Petraea, it was carved out to improve administrative efficiency in the Diocese of the East.

The region, previously dominated by the Nabataean Kingdom, saw significant cultural transformations under Roman and later Byzantine rule. By the 3rd century, the Nabataeans had transitioned from Aramaic to Greek, and by the 4th century, they had begun converting to Christianity, a process that was largely complete by the 5th century. The region's significance continued under Byzantine rule, which further intensified the spread of Christianity and agricultural development, leading to population growth.

Petra, a major urban center during the Nabataean era, suffered decline due to shifts in trade routes and was severely damaged by an earthquake in 363. Despite this, it remained an important administrative and ecclesiastical center in Palaestina Tertia.

This province existed until the Muslim Arab conquests of the 7th century, which transformed the socio-political landscape of the region. The new Arab rulers found the area populated by Christian peasants, remnants of the Nabataeans. The land was eventually divided among the emerging Arab tribal kingdoms, including the Byzantine vassals, the Ghassanid Arabs, and the Kinda Arab Kingdom, becoming part of the Bilad al-Sham province.

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