Hasmonean dynasty (1 gen 140 anni a. C. – 1 gen 37 anni a. C.)

Descrizione:

The Hasmonean dynasty, also known as the Ḥašmōnāʾīm in Hebrew and Ασμοναϊκή δυναστεία in Greek, was a ruling family that governed Judea and surrounding areas during the Hellenistic period of the Second Temple era, spanning roughly from 140 BCE to 37 BCE.

The dynasty originated with Simon Thassi in 141 BCE, following the successful revolt led by his brother Judas Maccabeus against the Seleucid Empire. Antiochus IV Epiphanes' attempt to impose strict control over Coele Syria and Phoenicia, including sacking Jerusalem and suppressing Jewish practices, catalyzed the Maccabean Revolt.

Over time, the Hasmoneans expanded their territory and influence, taking the title of basileus and establishing Judea as a regional power. However, Roman intervention in 63 BCE marked the beginning of the dynasty's decline, eventually leading to its dissolution with the rise of the Herodian dynasty in 37 BCE.

Despite attempts to maintain legitimacy, such as Herod the Great's marriage to a Hasmonean princess, the Hasmoneans yielded to Roman control, with Judea becoming a Roman client state. The Roman province of Judaea was formed in 6 CE, with subsequent rulers including procurators and Herodian kings like Agrippa I and Agrippa II.

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