Republic of Florence, 16th Century (1 gen 1500 anni – 1 gen 1530 anni)

Descrizione:

Piero Soderini, having become ruler of Florence in 1498, was closed as the first Florentine ruler for life in 1502. He succeeded in recapturing Pisa thanks to Secretary of War Machiavelli, who introduced a standing army in Florence as opposed to traditional use of mercenaries.

During the War of the League of Cambrai, Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici captured Florence with Papal troops, repudiating Soderini and restoring Medici rule. Giovanni was elected Pope, taking the name Leo X and ruling Florence by proxy, first through brother Giuliano and then in 1513 replacing him with his cousin Lorenzo II. Lorenzo II was unpopular due to his disconnect from the citizens. He died from syphilis in 1519, after which point Cardinal Giulio de' Medici governed Florence, until he became pope in 1523. Giulio's administration was frugal and successful. He appointed Ippolito and Alessandro de' Medici to rule in his stead, under guardianship of Cardinal Passerini. The regency government proved unpopular.

In 1529, the Holy Roman Empire sacked Rome, destroying the city and imprisoning Pope Clement VII, while during the tumult a wave of Puritanism drove the Medici from Florence. Clement VII signed the Treaty of Barcelona with Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, in which Charles would restore the Medici in exchange for the Pope's blessing. Charles stated that he alone could determine the government of Florence, making the Medici hereditary rulers and naming them Dukes.

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