War of Attrition (1 gen 1967 anni – 1 gen 1970 anni)

Descrizione:

Fighting between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) and their allies from 1967 to 1970.

Following the 1967 Six-Day War, no serious diplomatic efforts tried to resolve the issues at the heart of the Arab–Israeli conflict. The 1967 Arab League summit formulated in September the "three no's" policy: barring peace, recognition or negotiations with Israel.

The Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser believed that only military initiative would compel Israel or the international community to facilitate a full Israeli withdrawal from Sinai, and hostilities soon resumed along the Suez Canal.

On March 8, 1969, Nasser proclaimed the official launch of the War of Attrition, characterized by large-scale shelling along the Suez Canal, extensive aerial warfare and commando raids. Hostilities continued until August 1970 and ended with a ceasefire,[23] the frontiers remaining the same as when the war began, with no real commitment to serious peace negotiations.

Location: Suez Canal and Sinai Peninsula (Israeli controlled)
Result: Egyptian front:
- Both sides claim victory[3]
- Continued Israeli control of Sinai
- Creation of the Bar Lev Line
- Jordanian front: Black September (civil war in Jordan between Jordanian Armed Forces JAF and PLO)
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Black September (1970-71)
After Jordan lost control of the West Bank to Israel in 1967, Palestinian fighters known as fedayeen moved their bases to Jordan and stepped up their attacks on Israel and Israeli-occupied territories. One Israeli retaliation on a PLO camp based in Karameh, a Jordanian town along the border with the West Bank, developed into a full-scale battle. The perceived joint Jordanian-Palestinian victory against Israel during the 1968 Battle of Karameh led to an upsurge in Arab support for the fedayeen in Jordan, in both new recruits and financial aid. The PLO's strength in Jordan grew, and by the beginning of 1970, groups within the PLO had begun openly calling for the overthrow of the Hashemite monarchy.

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