1960s - 1970s The Prime of Hanna-Barbera "101 Dalmatians" First use of Xerography "Astro Boy" (1 gen 1960 anni – 1 gen 1970 anni)

Descrizione:

In the 1950s to 1970s, there was a surge in limited animation on TV in which established animation as a staple of TV with Hanna-Baraera as the leading TV animation studio. Limited animation is a process that does not redraw entire frames but variably reuses common parts between frames and it was primarily an artistic choice but it became more about saving time and money.

Hanna-Barbera was founded in 1957 by American motion-picture animators William Hanna and Joseph Barbera after they separated from MGM Studio, they went on to create the Flintstones, Scooby-Doo,Yogi Bear, The Jetsons, The Smurfs, and more. Hanna Barbera knew that they had to change their approach to animation when on the TV screen, so they opted to emphasize character close-ups and dialogue-based humor to get a better home viewer experience. Chuck Jones, one of the most revered animators, directors, and writers in the History of Animation called this illustrated radio “If you can turn off the picture and know what’s going on, that’s illustrated radio.”

Hanna-Barbera limited animation couldn’t produce fluid movement that afford rhythmic synchronization between images and sound but instead would turn sound effects to enhance its cartoon worlds, these sounds would help mask over the limited animation’s inherent stillness. Off-screen collisions is an example of how Hanna-Barbera enhance its world using sound and a shake effect to bypass the limitation of limited animation

Hanna-Barbera was able to produce cheap TV cartoons using limited animation and would create peak time series like Yogi Bear, The Flintstones and The Jetsons which created an entirely new television animation genre

“One Hundred and One Dalmatians” was the first full feature length animated film using a new animation technology called xerography. 101 Dalmatians was directed by Clyde Geronimi, Hamilton S. Luske, and Wolfgang Reitherman and was released in 1961 produced by Walt Disney, based on a 1956 novel “The Hundred and One Dalmatians”.

Xerox developed a photocopying process and by the 1950s, it was available for businesses but was mainly used for paper, not film. However Ub Iwerks (co-creator of Mickey Mouse) saw that he can help Xerox to adapt the technology for film.

This allowed for photocopy of all the 99 little dalmatian instead of having to hand ink each and every animated cel. This significantly reduced the cost of production which was a problem in the previous animated film Alice in Wonderland and Sleeping Beauty were financial failures. This was so successful that Disney almost completely abandoned the process of hand inked cels, using xerography for almost all of their features

“Astro Boy” (1963) was a Japanese TV series based on the originally entitled Tetsuwan Atom (Mighty Atom) as a manga in 1952 created by Osamu Tezuka whose art style defined the look of anime and manga. It created 193 episodes and at its peak, it was watched by 40% of the Japanese population who had access to TV becoming very successful. It became so successful that it was the first very full-length anime series to be exported, dubbed and distribute it in the USA, with more anime series such as 8th Man, Kimba the White Lion, Gigantor and Speed Racer, it introduced the American audience to anime and craved the way for more sophisticated works on both sides of the Pacific.

Aggiunto al nastro di tempo:

Data: