Piracy and Smugglers (1 gen 1520 anni – 1 gen 1560 anni)

Descrizione:

Pirates and smugglers operated along the east coast of China. The Ming officials referred to the pirates and smugglers as Japanese, but majority of them were Chinese. The Ming navy and the coastal defenses could not suppress the pirates, and conflicts with the pirates often led to the disturbance of coastal communities and even inner regions. The suppression of the pirates and smugglers took more than 40 years because of the incompetent government.

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