80 years war pt 1 (1 gen 1568 anni – 1 gen 1648 anni)

Descrizione:

The first phase of the war began with two unsuccessful invasions of the provinces by mercenary armies under Prince William I of Orange (1568 and 1572) and foreign-based raids by the Geuzen, the irregular Dutch land, and sea forces. By the end of 1573, the Geuzen had captured, converted to Calvinism, and secured against Spanish attack the provinces of Holland and Zeeland. The other provinces joined in the revolt in 1576, and a general union was formed. By the Twelve Years’ Truce, begun in 1609, the Dutch frontiers were secured.

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