Wikingerzeit (1 gen 800 anni – 1 gen 1050 anni)

Descrizione:

Norseman tribes invade large area of UK = Danelaw, during Time of Alfred of Wessex, King of Anglo-Saxons.

Initially Vikings had half the counrty, but King Alfred the Great defended wessex and parts of mercia. Later he and his descendants would take england back.
927 AD: Aethelstan unites Anglosaxon kingdoms into England

In 1002 his descendant Aethelred is already King of England and marries Norse princess, but massacers Danelaw settlement, hence war started again,

Knut (Dane) the Great creates shortlived Angloscandinavian empire by taking England and Norway. Knut and Alfred are the only 2 english kings to be called greats.

After Knuts death, England was free again. Another try by vikings to take england back attempted in 1050, but failed, thus marking end of viking age.
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Vikings in Italy:
- arrive 999, are from here on called norsemen
- drive out lomards and byzantines who were competing for south italy
- around 1060 had south italy and took sicily, whoch was 200y under muslim rule
- one of few golden decades of multiethnical co-existance like cordoba (art, ingeneering, life style)
- dispute with the pope innocentes II, because their king Roger Hauteville was crowned by an anti-pope
- forced to re-crown anyway

- Rogers son is last norse king of south italy
- 1194: south italy falls to HRE via marriage because no offspring
-> Hohenstaufen (Schwaben)
- afterwards french and spanish rule see "Italy"
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England after Vikings: Beginning of rivalary with France

When Knuts son was killed, another war for throne started. France was domiated by Franks, but 2 smaller kingdoms were present:
- Normandie: Rollo in 911 took kingdom and pladged to be a vassal state to Franks, french culture.
- Brittany: in 4th taken by Britons (Romans from Britannia)
(- Burgundy less important, usually dominated by Francs)

So in 1066: William of Normandie takes England, never again would another Anglosaxon rule England, until the late 14th/early 15th century. Henry V (reigned 1413–22) was the first king of England to issue written instructions in English it would always be someone from one of the french kingdoms. Ruling class spoke french, english was for peasants. Todays english is closer to normandiefrench than to anglosaxon.

See "French England"

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