Industrial Era (1 gen 1890 anni – 1 gen 1935 anni)

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"With the failure of the reformatory style of prison, concerns over security and discipline became dominant in American prisons. Inmate populations rose, costs soared, and states began to study practical alternatives. An especially attractive option was found in the potential profitability of inmate labor, and the era of the industrial prison in America was born.

Industrial prisons in the northern United States were characterized by thick, high walls; stone or brick buildings; guard towers; and smokestacks rising from within the walls. These prisons smelted steel, manufactured cabinets, molded tires, and turned out many other goods for the open market. Prisons in the South, which had been devastated by the Civil War, tended more toward farm labor and public-works projects. The South, with its labor-intensive agricultural practices, used inmates to replace slaves who had been freed during the war." - Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century

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