History of Education Timeline
Category: Storia
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Created byCarson Simpson
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Old Deluder Satan Act (1647)
The Massachusetts Act of 1647, also known as
the "Old Deluder Satan Act" was passed to
ensure literacy in all children, so that they may
properly read and understand the Bible. In
order to do this, it required that every town
with 50 or more households hire a teacher for
reading and writing. This represented one of
the US' first steps towards public schooling as
we know it, and the acknowledgement that
public schooling could be used to better a
society as a whole.Land Ordinance of 1785
This ordinance was designed to raise money for
schools by selling townships to colonists in 36
one-square-mile sections, with one of these
sections being dedicated to supporting funding
for education. This is one of the first recorded
instances of the federal government showing
support for public education and is especially
notable as a method of funding schools before
the federal government had the power to tax
Americans.US Constitution (1789)
The adoption of the US Constitution affected
education with 2 amendments: The 1st and
10th Amendment. The 1st Amendment
prohibited formal religion in schools, and the
10th amendment called for the states to
control education regulations in areas the
government did not specifically assign. These
amendments are responsible for the
controversy surrounding religion in education
and the organization of education falling into
the hands of the states, respectively.The First "Junior High" (1909)
The first "Junior High School" for grades 7-9,
opened in Columbus, Ohio and marked a new
era in secondary education by attempting to
acknowledge and accommodate the
differences in education an early adolescent
population requires to best grow. Before this,
there was much debate on the needs of
adolescents, and this was the provided solution.
While not perfect, Junior High Schools did
improve and eventually gave way to the Middle
Schools of today."War on Poverty" (1964)
President Johnson's campaign promises and
further government push to stifle poverty
through education was an ambitious, though
possibly ineffective project. It included
massive increases in educational funding, the
creation of the Department of Education, and
grants and programs for disadvantaged
children. Many of these programs are still
around today, and have been helpful in many
ways, overall improving quality of life for the
impoverished over the course of decades.Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
This supreme court decision represented a
major step forward towards unified and non
discriminatory school systems across the US for
minorities. For context, the "separate but equal"
policy post-Civil War led to extreme disparity
between Black and White schools for nearly 90
years after the Civil War ended. This supreme
court decision overturned "separate but equal"
and paved the way for the continued
improvement of anti-discrimination policies in
public schooling.Title IX Enacted (1972)
In 1972, the federal government enacted Title
IX of the Education Amendments, which
prohibited exclusion of participation in or
funding from educational programs on the
basis of sex. Title IX has been extremely
successful in regard to high school and college
female sports, with female sport participation
from 1972 to 2014 increasing 10x in high
schools and fivefold in colleges."A Nation at Risk" (1983)
This document, commissioned by the Secretary
of Education, heavily criticized and warned of
potential failings in the US's educational system
and claimed that the US was falling far behind
in education compared to other developed
nations. This document began the "standards
movement" in education and called for
educational reform on multiple levels. The
"standards movement" is considered by many
to be primarily responsible for the modern US
school's rigorous testing environment.Benjamin Franklin's Academy (1751)
In 1751, Ben Franklin opened the Academy of
Philadelphia, which contrary to the other US
secondary schools of the time, primarily taught
subjects that would serve practical purposes to
the 13 colonies, such as math, navigation,
bookkeeping, and astronomy. Additionally, the
school was religion-free and allowed men and
women to attend. This approach to practicality
over tradition quickly caught on in the US, and
today it serves as the base principles for US
High Schools."Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education" (1918)
This report was published in 1918 to solve the
long-standing debate of how to organize
secondary schools; whether they should be
designed for practical studies or for college
prep. The answer this document provided was
that secondary schools become a
"comprehensive high school" and have options
for college prep and practical studies. This
document became the basis for the designs of
today's high schools, and solidified high
schools as "catch all" options.Launching of Sputnik (1957)
The Soviet launching of the world's first
artificial satellite, "Sputnik", drove the US into a
space-race frenzy, and in fear of having lost
their technological edge, the government
turned to schools as a line of defense against
defeat. During this time, the government
poured resources into schooling and research
for schooling to improve teaching methods and
quality overall, and this represents one of the
first times the US has used education as a tool
to fight its adversaries.Normal Schools (1839)
During Horace Mann's time as Secretary, he
came up with the idea of formally training
teachers to improve the quality of education,
and so "normal schools" were born. These
schools were designed to train teachers in the
art of teaching elementary school students and
was one of the first efforts pushing towards
training teachers as dedicated professionals.
The creation of normal schools is ultimately
responsible for today's requirement that
teachers be trained.Civil War "Teacher Shift" (1865-)
Before the Civil War, the vast majority of
teachers in the US were male, as women were
deemed unable to teach, however that
changed post-Civil War with the combination
of a labor shortage due to mass casualties and
the remaining men flocking to factory jobs.
Many women would accept the teaching
positions despite lower wages, as it was one of
the only available jobs at the time. This shift
would become the reason why teaching in
general is so female dominated in the US.Lau v. Nichols (1974)
In 1906, San Francisco had set up segregated
schools for Asian Americans where instruction
was only in English. This caused racial
disparities as many children were unable to
understand English, so this ruling labeled these
actions as a violation of rights and required
that these schools teach in the native language
of their students. This represented a step in the
right direction to solve the issue of minorities
struggling in education due to a lack of
teaching in other languages.Periodi
Horace Mann's Influence (1837-1848)
Horace Mann served as Secretary of
Massachusetts's Board of Education, and under
his influence Massachusetts became the
number 1 state for education in the US. He
used his influence to garner support for
"common schools" which would see the
government supporting tuition-free elementary
schools for all. Horace Mann's influence is
ultimately responsible for the free public
education system as we know it today and is
what truly kickstarted public schooling in the
US.
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