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April 1, 2024
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History Timeline
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Tsar Nicholas II agrees to creation of a State Duma
Tsar signs October Manifesto
first State Duma established
Pyotr Stolypin established as Prime Minister
Treaty of Portsmouth - End of the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War
Bloody Sunday
Beginning of World War 1
Germany declares war on Russia
Austria-Hungary declared war on the Russian Empire.
Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire
Tsar Nicholas II takes command of the Russian army
The beginning of the Great Retreat of the Russian army
The end of the retreat of the Russian army
murder of Grigory Rasputin
Workers of Putilov Factory, Petrograd's largest industrial plant, announced a strike to demonstrate against the government.
Putilov protesters were joined in the uprising by those celebrating International Woman's Day and protesting against the government's implemented food rationing.
nearly 200,000 protesters filled the streets, demanding the replacement of the Tsar with a more progressive political leader.
The Tsar took action to address the riots - wiring garrison commander General Khabalov to disperse the crowds with rifle fire and to suppress the "impermissible" rioting by force.
Rodzianko sent the Tsar a report of the chaos in a telegram
The Provisional Committee declared itself the governing body of the Russian Empire
Tsar left Mogilev, but was unable to reach Petrograd as revolutionaries controlled railway stations around the capital.
Nicholas nominated his brother, the Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich, to succeed him.
Grand Duke realised that he would have little support as ruler, so he declined the crown ending the Romanov Dynasty
A provisional government was announced by the Provisional Committee of the State Duma.
Vladimir Lenin returned to Petrograd from Zurich
The April theses of Lenin were published in the Pravda newspaper
Trotsky's return to Russia
Demonstrations broke out in Petrograd.
Provisional Government issued an order for the arrest of Lenin
Alexander Kerensky, the former Minister of War of the Provisional Government, became prime minister.
Russia is declared a republic by the Provisional Government.
Leon Trotsky is elected Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet.
Kerensky issued a decree to the Governing Senate on dismissal and trial "for rebellion" of General Kornilov and his senior associates, formally declaring Kornilov a rebel and a traitor.
the advance of the Kornilov troops was stopped at the Vyritsa - Pavlovsk section
German troops took Riga
Military Revolutionary Committee established under the Petrograd Soviet
Kerensky removed Kornilov from the post of commander-in-chief
the Bolsheviks' Central Committee voted 10–2 for a resolution saying that "an armed uprising is inevitable, and that the time for it is fully ripe."
a group of soldiers loyal to Kerensky's government marched on the printing house of the Bolshevik newspaper, Rabochiy put (Worker's Path), seizing and destroying printing equipment and thousands of newspapers.
the Bolshevik Military Revolutionary Committee issued a statement denouncing the government's actions.
Bolshevik-aligned soldiers successfully retook the Rabochiy put printing house.
Kerensky orders the raising of all but one of Petrograd's bridges
the Military-Revolutionary Committee seized the Central Telegraph of Petrograd, giving the Bolsheviks control over communications through the city.
Soldiers of the Keksgolm regiment , Red Guards of the Vyborg region and a detachment of Baltic sailors took the Main Post Office.
the Nikolaevsky railway station was occupied by the first company of the 6th reserve engineer battalion.
the sailors of the naval guards crewoccupied the building of the State Bank
the forces of the soldiers of the Keksgolm regiment and the Red Guards of the Vyborg side took the Central Telephone Exchange
Detachments of the Red Guards of the Moscow and Narva districts occupied the last railway station that remained in the hands of the government
Kerensky left Petrograd to Pskov
ships arrived from Kronstadt
an emergency meeting of the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies opened.
the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets opened in Smolny
one blank shot was fired from the Aurora
the first large detachments of the besiegers entered the palace.
the Winter Palace was taken
The Red Army occupies Vilnius.
The beginning of the general offensive of the Whites on Moscow on the Eastern Front .
The Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic is declared under martial law
Soviet power in Riga fell
The Volunteer Army occupied Kharkov.
General A.I. Denikin issues Directive No. 08878 , announcing the start of an offensive against Moscow by the White Guard armies of the South of Russia.
parts of the Volunteer Army captured Odessa.
The troops of the Volunteer Army took Kiev.
the Soviet government proposed to Lithuania to conclude a peace treaty
the beginning of the counter-offensive of the Red Army against the armies of Denikin.
the capture of Omsk by the armies of Lenin.
Admiral Kolchak renounces his title of supreme ruler of Russia in favor of Denikin.
units of the Red Army entered Rostov-on-Don
The Tartu Peace Treaty was signed between Russia and Estonia
The Supreme Ruler of Russia, Admiral Kolchak, was shot .
The Red Army entered Arkhangelsk , Murmansk is engulfed in an uprising. The northern region completely came under the control of the central government of the RSFSR
The Far Eastern Republic was proclaimed by the Constituent Congress of the workers of the Baikal region .
Japanese occupation of Northern Sakhalin
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic proclaimed
Ukrainian and Polish troops entered Kiev .
Red Army units liberate Minsk from Polish invaders.
A Soviet-Lithuanian treaty is concluded, recognizing Vilna and the surrounding region as part of Lithuania
the liberation of Brest-Litovsk from the Polish occupation.
signing of the Riga Treaty between the RSFSR and Latvia
The Tambov Uprising began
A peace treaty was signed between Russia and Finland , which ended the first Soviet-Finnish war.
units of the Red Army and the allied detachments of the Makhnovists launched an offensive against the Crimea - the last stronghold of the White forces in the South of Russia.
The Cheka is established in Russia.
The Second session of Congress opened and Lenin's Decree on Peace, to end the war
Lenin's Decree on Land was agreed / Sovnarkom created
Congress concluded
The Moldavian Democratic Republic is proclaimed in Chisinau
The Finnish Parliament approves the government's proposed Declaration of Independence of Finland .
Soviet power proclaimed in Baku
The third wagon of the Central Rada proclaimed the creation of the Ukrainian People's Republic within the Russian Republic .
Lietuvos Tariba adopted the Declaration of Independence of Lithuania , which proclaimed the restoration of the State of Lithuania
All commercial banks in Russia are nationalized by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and a state monopoly on banking is established
Constituent Assembly convened in Petrograd
All-Russian Central Executive Committee dissolved the Constituent Assembly
the proclamation of the complete independence of the Ukrainian People's Republic
the beginning of the civil war in Finland
Communist government issues a decree on the foundation of the Red Army
Ukrainian People's Republic and the Central powers signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Estonian Declaration of Independence is published
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk between the Soviet Russia and the Central powers
Communist government moves from Petrograd to Moscow
Belarusian People's Republic proclaimed
all the power to manage the country's transport was transferred to the People's Commissar of Railways
Landing of Japanese troops in Vladivostok
The Council of People's Commissars adopted a decree "On the nationalization of foreign trade"
The Turkestan Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was created
Council of People's Commissars adopted a decree on the nationalization of the sugar industry
the end of the civil war in Finland / The First Soviet-Finnish War began
beginning of the Revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion
Azerbaijan Declaration of Independence
The Council of People's Commissars issued a decree on the nationalization of the Russian oil industry
A new Provisional Siberian Government headed by P. V. Vologodsky was formed in Tomsk
Anglo-American troops, moving south from Murmansk, occupied Kem
The 5th All-Russian Congress of Soviets began
The government of Lithuania announced the creation of the Kingdom of Lithuania
execution of the abdicated emperor Nicholas II of Russia and his family performed in Yekaterinburg by the local Bolsheviks
Anglo-American troops landed in Arkhangelsk.
British troops entered Baku
Vladimir Lenin assassination attempt by SR Fanny Kaplan
the CPC proclaims the Red Terror as a response for the Kaplan incident
The Revolutionary Military Council of the RSFSR decided to form the Northern Front of the Red Army
Ufa Directory, the reformed anti-Bolshevik government, formed in Ufa
Proclamation in Lvov of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic
The Provisional Siberian Government published a declaration on the transfer of power in the territory of Siberia to the Ufa directory
Admiral Alexander Kolchak seizes power from the Ufa Directory which moved to Omsk month before. The council of ministers appointed him to the post of the Supreme Ruler of Russia
Brest Treaty was annulled by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee
Sfatul Tarii decided to include Bessarabia in Romania
the unification of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian People's Republic is proclaimed
Soviet power is established in Riga
Establishment of Soviet power in Georgia.
Soviet troops crossed the southern border of Georgia.
The Abkhazian Soviet Socialist Republic is proclaimed
Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the replacement of food and raw materials allocation with a tax in kind." Beginning of the NEP .
The end of the Soviet-Polish war of 1919-1921.
Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR On Agricultural Cooperation , restoring non-state agricultural cooperation
The State Bank of the RSFSR was established
the Autonomous Crimean SSR was created
Soviet-Mongolian agreement on the establishment of friendly relations is signed in Moscow .
Lenin's decree on the use of the Crimea for the treatment of workers
By a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the State Political Administration under the NKVD of the RSFSR was created . The Cheka was abolished
Stalin is elected General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Bolsheviks
Rapallo Treaty of the RSFSR with Germany
Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on the issuance of banknotes of the State Bank in chervonets and the abolition of the counting gold ruble.
State Bank founded
The 4th session of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR of the 9th convocation adopted the Land Code, which secured the land allotted to them for use by the peasants. GOELRO plan approved .
Vladivostok was taken by parts of the NRA , the Far Eastern Republic regained control over the entire territory of Primorye and the "Black Buffer" ceased to exist. End of the Russian Civil War
The Far Eastern Republic was abolished and joined the RSFSR
The last public speech of V. I. Lenin (at the plenum of the Moscow City Council )
The First All-Union Congress of Soviets was held in Moscow, which approved the Treaty on the Formation of the USSR
Petrograd renamed to Leningrad
Lenin dies
Lenin is buried in the Mausoleum , on Red Square
Great Britain recognized the USSR .
The Italian government of Benito Mussolini recognized the USSR.
the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created with the capital in the city of Balta
the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic and the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic were created
establishment of diplomatic relations between the USSR and France
Signing of the Soviet-Japanese convention . According to this agreement, by May 15, Japanese troops left northern Sakhalin, it was occupied by Soviet troops
The 3rd Congress of Soviets of the USSR adopted a resolution on the entry into the USSR of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic and the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
The law on compulsory two-year military service is adopted.
The Berlin Treaty between the USSR and Germany was signed , which confirmed the mutual obligations established by the Rapallo Treaty of 1922.
Great Britain accuses the USSR of supporting the British trade unions that have declared a general strike.
Afghanistan and the USSR sign a non-aggression pact.
non-aggression pact signed between the USSR and Lithuania
Lenin's "testament" is published in The New York Times. Stalin accuses Trotsky of "double dealing"
The United Opposition comes out with self-criticism and admits the wrongness of its "schismatic activity."
After Stalin's victory in the inner-party struggle, Trotsky and Zinoviev were removed from the Politburo of the Bolsheviks
the joint plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks removed L. D. Trotsky from the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and relieved L. B. Kamenev of his duties as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks
The first census of the population of the USSR is conducted in the USSR , which is 147 million people.
Great Britain sent the so-called " Chamberlain note " to the USSR.
Great Britain annulled a trade agreement and severed diplomatic relations with the USSR after making public documents testifying to the hostile activities of the Moscow-controlled Comintern in China and the British Empire.
The title of Hero of Labor was established in the USSR
Leon Trotsky and Grigory Zinoviev are expelled from the CPSU
Severance of diplomatic relations between China and the USSR .
Trotsky was expelled from Moscow to Alma-Ata. Arrests of oppositionists are becoming more frequent.
The Soviet press announced that 30 oppositionists, including Trotsky , were sent into exile.
A secret meeting took place between N. Bukharin and L. Kamenev .
The "law on defectors " is adopted in the USSR .
Stalin proclaimed the policy of "liquidating the kulaks as a class.
Resolution of the Central Committee of the party "On the pace of collectivization and measures of state assistance to collective farm construction", which plans to carry out "voluntary" collectivization in three stages, depending on the districts. In practice, the collective farms are increasingly being driven by force.
issue of the resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks "On measures to eliminate kulak farms in areas of complete collectivization"
the beginning of the Sarbaz uprising against collectivization.
The Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Star are established in the USSR
A decree was signed in the USSR to expand the system of labor camps. Centered until 1928 mainly around the coast of the White Sea , they are now under the jurisdiction of the GULAG (Main Directorate of Camps), subordinate to the OGPU .
The USSR and Afghanistan sign a Treaty of Neutrality.
A decision was made to build the Moscow Metro
the mine of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works was put into operation
Non-aggression pact between the Polish Republic and the USSR
Ceremonial launch of the Dnieper HPP named after V. I. Lenin.
Diplomatic relations between the USSR and China are restored.
The transition to a 7-hour working day is completed in the USSR .
signing of a commercial agreement with France
Renewal of diplomatic relations with Hungary
Renewal for 10 years non-combat agreement with Finland
Non-combat agreements with Lithuania , Latvia and Estonia were renewed for 10 years
signing of a new commercial agreement with Great Britain
Renewal for 10 years non-combat agreement with Poland
Publication of a decree on the toughening of punishments related to the railroads. Traveling without a permit - up to 6 years of stay in labor camps
Entry into force of the "Treason to the Motherland" law. The punishment is death including punishments for the family members (up to 10 years in prison, the other relatives can receive a punishment of deportation to Siberia for up to 5 years.
Renewal of diplomatic relations with Romania and Czechoslovakia
transfer of the capital of Ukraine from Kharkiv to Kyiv
renewal of diplomatic relations with Bulgaria
Admission of the Soviet Union to the League of Nations
first test run of the Moscow Metro
Politburo member Sergei Kirov was shot and killed at the Communist Party headquarters in Leningrad by a young man named Leonid Nikolaev
the beginning of the "Moscow Center" trial. On the dock are 19 prominent communists including Lev Kamenev (received a sentence of 5 years in prison) and Grigory Zinoviev (sentenced to 10 years in prison).
Nikolai Yezhov is appointed party secretary in place of Sergei Kirov who was killed
signing of a friendship agreement with France . In view of the opposition of the French, a military annex was not signed
signing of friendship agreement with Czechoslovakia
establishment of diplomatic relations with Belgium
The USSR joined the Briand-Kellogg Pact to resolve international conflicts by peaceful means.
The conflict between the "rights" and Stalin was brought up for wide discussion after the publication in Pravda of N. Bukharin's article "Notes of an Economist", where he again argues that it is necessary to maintain an alliance with the peasantry.
The official start of the first five-year plan , the benchmarks for which are determined quite arbitrarily. Absolute priority is given to the development of heavy industry
Trotsky is expelled from the USSR.
The USSR , Estonia , Latvia , Poland and Romania sign the Litvinov Protocol , or the Eastern Pact on the renunciation of war.
The USSR severed diplomatic relations with China.
A secret conversation took place - on military-technical cooperation between the USSR and Germany
Great Britain restores diplomatic relations with the USSR.
Introduction of personal military ranks
renewal of agreements with Turkey for 10 years
a conference of Stakhanovites in which Joseph Stalin announces that life in the country has become better and happier
The collective farms were obliged to supply grain to the state in accordance with the scope and price determined in advance by the state
establishment of the Northern Fleet
signing of friendship agreement with Italy
Renewal of diplomatic relations with the United States
Adoption of a decision on the purification of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . As a result of a purge, the number of party members was reduced from 3.5 million members in January 1933 to 2.35 million in January 1935
Vyacheslav Molotov 's report on the situation in Germany . The speech included a quote from Adolf Hitler's book in which it was stated that Russia was destined for conquest
Genrich Yagoda proposed to send all supporters of Leon Trotsky to remote camps
The Politburo approved Yagoda's proposal regarding the treatment of Trotsky's supporters
Genrich Yagoda and Prosecutor General Andrey Vyshinsky handed the Politburo a list of 82 "heads" of the opposition. The list included Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev .
suicide of Mikhail Tomsky
Official announcement of the termination of the investigations against Nikolai Bukharin and Alexei Rykov due to lack of reasons for the investigation
a decision on the transfer of military aid to Spain , which is in the midst of a civil war . This military aid included ammunition, planes, tanks, cannons and military advisers
publication of the Politburo decision regarding the supporters of Trotsky and Zinoviev. According to this decision, they constitute a front force of the bourgeoisie and should be eliminated
Leon Trotsky moved to live in Mexico
the beginning of the second Moscow trial . On the dock are 17 prominent party members including Karl Radek and Georgi Piatkov . All the defendants admit to sabotaging the development of the economy and espionage for the benefit of Germany and Japan , and also accuse Nikolai Bukharin of collaborating with them.
N.K.V.D report On the discovery of a plot by Trotsky and Japan in the oil industry
first experimental broadcast of television in Moscow
discovery of a plot of spies of German origin by the N.K.V.D
granting permission to reach 8 years in prison without trial
Renewal of the role of Politrock in the army
opening of the Moscow Canal built by the prisoners.
Politburo's decision on the arrest of all defense industry workers of German origin
The Soviet Union begins one of the largest campaigns of the great purges , which was designed to "eliminate anti-Soviet elements". Over the next year, at least 724,000 people were murdered
Decision to establish 6 new Gulag labor camps with the aim of including hundreds of thousands of prisoners
increasing the prison term from 10 years to 25 years
decision to execute any prisoner who tries to escape from custody
the beginning of a broad operation against citizens of Chinese origin
The N.K.V.D. Speeds up the activity against the Mensheviks and the anarchists
the beginning of the third Moscow trial . On the dock are 21 prominent party members including Nikolai Bukharin , Alexei Rykov , Christian Rakovsky and the head of the N.K.V.D. Former Genrich Yagoda .
The Soviet Union officially announces that the Soviet statesman Nikolai Bukharin has been executed
The Soviet Union officially announces its opposition to the annexation of Austria to Germany
elections to the Supreme Soviet of the republics that make up the Soviet Union
According to the results of the census, the population of the Soviet Union includes 170.6 million inhabitants.
The Soviet Union offers France and Great Britain to sign a mutual defense agreement
The Japanese army invaded the territory of the Soviet Union in the area of Lake Khalkin Gol . the beginning of the fighting.
Beginning of talks in Moscow with representatives of Great Britain and France on a mutual defense agreement
signing of a commercial agreement with Germany
signing of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact between the Soviet Union and Germany. The agreement has a secret annex on the division of European territory between the new allies
the end of the fighting in the Khalkin Gol lake area with the defeat of the Japanese army
in accordance with previous summaries, the Red Army invaded Polish territories in western Ukraine and western Belarus
a joint parade of the forces of the Red Army and the German army that participated in the occupation of Poland took place in Brest
The Polish army stopped the resistance to the invasion of Germany and the Soviet Union . Signing of the Partition of Poland
signing of friendship agreement with Estonia . In accordance with the agreement, a number of military bases are transferred to the authority of the Red Army , where a military force of 25,000 soldiers is located.
signing of friendship agreement with Latvia . In accordance with the agreement, a number of military bases are transferred to the authority of the Red Army , where a military force of 25,000 soldiers is located
signing of an agreement with Lithuania . The Vilnius region that belonged to Poland and was occupied by the Soviet Union is transferred to Lithuania . In accordance with the agreement, a number of military bases are transferred to the authority of the Red Army, where a military force of 20,000 soldiers is located
Talks with Finland regarding a friendship agreement and border changes. The Finnish government refuses to reach an agreement
elections in the regions of Ukraine and Belarus that were occupied during the war with Poland . According to the election results, over 90% of the voters supported the communist candidates
The Red Army directs firing of Finnish cannons at its units
The Red Army invaded Finland . The beginning of the winter war
Establishment of a pro-Soviet Finnish "government" in the territory controlled by the Soviet Union . This government was not recognized by any body other than the Soviet Union and was subsequently disbanded.
Following the invasion of Finland, the Soviet Union is expelled from the League of Nations
The Finnish army managed to organize a defense of Finland
as a lesson learned from the fighting during 1939 against Finland , a reorganization of the forces was carried out and the replacement of the supreme command in the field. Semyon Tymoshenko was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces
forces of the Finnish army are forced to retreat about 19 km from the defense line they held since the beginning of the war
the start of a major attack by the Red Army in the Karelia region . Finland announces that the losses of the Red Army reached about 200 thousand soldiers
The Soviet Air Force carries out a massive bombing of Helsinki
The Red Army managed to break through the Finnish line of fortifications
the beginning of the occupation of the city of Vyborg - the second largest city in Finland
the end of the fighting and the signing of a peace agreement . In accordance with the agreement, territories of Finland's Vyborg, the second largest city, were transferred to the Soviet Union.
The establishment of the Karlo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic as one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union including the territory transferred from Finland following the war
the start of production of the T-34 - the tank that was the basis of the Soviet Armored Corps during World War II and was considered one of the best tanks of its time
failed attempt to assassinate Leon Trotsky in Mexico
The Red Army occupies strategic positions in Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania , the beginning of the occupation of the Baltic states
Establishment of a new government in Lithuania
establishment of a new government in Latvia
Establishment of a new government in Estonia
receiving a decree on moving to a work week of 6 days and 8 hours of work each day. Failure to show up for work may result in service work of up to 4 months. Changing jobs is prohibited
The Red Army entered the territory of Bessarabia and Bukovina , which are part of Romania
military parade in Chisinau . The territory of Bessarabia and Bukovina is annexed to the Soviet Union
establishment of Soviet republics in Latvia , Lithuania and Estonia and the adoption of a decision by the parliament to issue a request to the Supreme Soviet for their acceptance into the Soviet Union
establishment of the Republic of Moldova as part of the Soviet Union
The Russian-Jewish revolutionary Leon Trotsky was murdered with an ice ax in his home in Mexico by the secret agent Ramon Mercader who worked under Stalin
The Soviet Union offers Bulgaria to sign a friendship and mutual aid agreement. In a short time, over 1.5 million Bulgarians signed the petition
The Soviet Union and Germany signed an addendum to the 1939 agreement (Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact) regulating the issue of Lithuania , and the compensation to Germany for the fact that Lithuania was annexed to the Soviet Union
The German army begins to concentrate its forces on the front against the Soviet Union
beginning of meetings and the 18th party conference. Changes to the five-year plan aimed at speeding up the execution of the armament plans are approved
The Soviet Union announces its commitment to help Turkey if it is attacked
signing of the Soviet-Japanese neutrality agreement
Yosif Stalin was appointed Prime Minister
Mass deportation of residents of Lithuania , Latvia and Estonia to Siberia. According to estimates, about 300,000 people were deported
Italy and Romania (Germany's allies) declare war on the Soviet Union
The German army invades the territories of the Soviet Union as part of Operation Barbarossa . The Red Army retreated along the entire front. At 12 o'clock Vyacheslav Molotov spoke on the radio and gave a special message to the citizens of the country
Winston Churchill announces that Great Britain will provide all possible aid to the
Hungary and Slovakia declare war on the Soviet Union
Finland attacks the Soviet Union as revenge for the loss in the Winter War
The German army entered Minsk . In the battle of Bialystok-Minsk, about 340 thousand Red Army soldiers were killed and captured
the German army entered Lviv
The German army arrives at the bank of the Dnieper river
Yosif Stalin spoke on a radio broadcast and read an emotional appeal to the citizens of the country. In this speech he declared that it was a war of all citizens
Yosif Stalin was appointed commander-in-chief of the Red Army
German forces capture Estonia from the Soviets
signing of a military cooperation agreement between the Soviet Union and Great Britain
renewal of the institution of a military commissar in the army
Establishment of Ostland . An administrative unit of the Nazi administration for the management of the occupied territories in Latvia , Estonia , Lithuania and Belarus . The center and seat of the governor was in Riga
signing of a cooperation agreement with the Czechoslovak government in exile
The German Air Force bombs Moscow
the renewal of diplomatic relations with Poland
signing of a commercial agreement with Great Britain
the beginning of the siege of Odessa , which was attacked from all sides
establishment of an administrative unit in Ukraine by the German occupation authorities. The center and seat of the governor was in the city of Rubeno
The Red Army and the British Army invaded Iran
the city of Leningrad is in the firing range of the German cannons
The siege of Leningrad begins. German forces begin a siege of the second largest city in the Soviet Union, Leningrad .
forces of the Red Army in the vicinity of Kiev were captured
signing of the Atlantic Treaty in London . From now on the Soviet Union , Great Britain and the United States are partners in the war
the beginning of the battle for Moscow
encirclement of a large military force of the Red Army west of Moscow. The scope of the named force is about 700 thousand soldiers
The German army arrived at the shore of the Sea of Azov
The Red Army left the city of Odessa
The German army began the siege of Sevastopol
While the Battle of Moscow was at the beginning, the temperatures in Moscow dropped to -12 degrees Celsius and as a result the Soviet Union launched troops on skis for the first time against the German forces that were near the city
The German army entered Rostov-on-Don
The Red Army succeeds in liberating Rostov-on-Don . This is the first time that a city of this size has been liberated from German occupation
Adolf Hitler announces the defeat of the Red Army and the end of the war in principle
the beginning of a counterattack by the Red Army in the vicinity of Moscow
Following a counterattack by the Red Army in the vicinity of Moscow, the Germans began to withdraw. In the end, at the beginning of January 1942 , the front stabilized about 100-250 km west of the Wehrmacht's maximum line of advance
Landing of Red Army forces in the Crimean Peninsula during the Battle of Kerch . The Red Army entered Kerch
The Soviet Union signed together with 25 other countries "Declaration 26" in London . This document ended the establishment of an alliance of nations against Germany and was the basis for the establishment of the United Nations later on
the beginning of an operation whose goal was to break the siege of Leningrad . Although the operation was not successful, it contributed to the fact that the Wehrmacht forces could not continue to pressurize the city's defenders
Signing of friendship agreements between the Soviet Union , Great Britain and Iran
Despite the initial success, a force that landed in late 1941 in the Crimea was defeated. The extent of the losses reached about 300 thousand soldiers, of which about 170 thousand were capture
Anthony Eden and Vyacheslav Molotov signed an alliance agreement between the countries. The agreement was in effect until 1955
Sevastopol was occupied by the Wehrmacht forces
The Wehrmacht entered Rostov-on-Don
Wehrmacht forces place the German flag on Mount Elbrus - the highest point in the Caucasus Mountains
Wehrmacht units reached the banks of the Volga in the Stalingrad area
Red Army forces left the city of Novorossiysk . The peak of the German advance on the outskirts of the Caucasus Mountains to the shores of the Black Sea
After heavy fighting, the Germans captured about 99% of the city of Stalingrad
Soviet forces under the command of General Giorgi Zhukov launch a counterattack in the Stalingrad area ( Operation Uranus )
The Red Army completed the encirclement of the German 6th Army units in the Stalingrad area
the beginning of the Red Army attack in the Leningrad region
the encirclement around the city was breached
The end of the Battle of Stalingrad.
Soviet forces recapture Kharkiv
Dissolution of the Comintern
the beginning of the attack of the Wehrmacht in the Kursk region
After the containment battles, the Red Army began a counterattack in the Kursk region
liberation of the cities of Oryol and Belgrade.
Liberation of Kharkiv , which passed hand to hand several times during 1942-1943
The Red Army liberated the city of Novorossiysk . The end of German presence on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the end of the battle for the Caucasus
the meeting of the foreign ministers of the Soviet Union , Great Britain and the United States in Moscow and the publication of the Moscow Declaration.
landing of troops in the Crimean peninsula in the Kerch region . Although the marine force was unable to advance into the interior areas of the peninsula, the Red Army managed to maintain a bridgehead for a future attack during 1944
Liberation of Kiev by the Red Army as part of the Battle of the Dnieper campaign
Tehran Conference of the heads of the Soviet Union , the United States and Great Britain
Another advance of the Red Army in the Leningrad region . The Wehrmacht forces are removed from the city.
During the advance of the forces to the west, units of the Red Army reached the border of the Soviet Union which was before the fighting began
Liberation of Odessa
Liberation of Sevastopol
The Red Army attack in the Karelia region in order to force Finland to end its participation in the war
the beginning of a broad offensive campaign to liberate Belarus - Operation Bagration . As a result of this campaign, the front of the Wehrmacht collapsed and the new defense line was established only much further west and with heavy losses
a demand by several members of the Finnish parliament to reach a cease-fire with the Soviet Union
The Red Army liberated the city of Minsk
The Red Army entered Lviv
The Red Army entered Vilnius
In the territories of Poland liberated by the Red Army, power is transferred to the pro-Soviet Polish government established under Soviet auspices. This despite the existence of a government-in-exile located in London that is in diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union
The Red Army began military activity near Warsaw
the liberation of Chisinau as part of the Iasi-Chisinau operation
The Red Army entered Bucharest
signing of a cease-fire agreement with Romania
Signing of a cease-fire agreement with Finland
Liberation of Tallinn
meeting of statesmen of the Soviet Union , Great Britain and the United States in Moscow . During the discussions, topics such as the future of Poland , the entry of the Soviet Union into the war against Japan and the future of the Balkans were raised
Liberation of Riga
signing of a cease-fire agreement with Bulgaria
signing of an alliance agreement with France
start of fighting in the Budapest area
the beginning of an offensive operation of the Red Army along the entire front of the German eastern border
the beginning of the operation to conquer Königsberg and East Prussia
A delegation of the Provisional Government of Hungary arrives in Moscow and signs a cease-fire agreement with the Allies .
Soviet forces liberate the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp
meeting of Joseph Stalin , Winston Churchill and Franklin Delano Roosevelt in Yalta . At the meeting, the parties prepared to settle the issues in Europe after the end of the fighting
The Red Army captured Budapest
Conquest of Königsberg
signing of friendship agreement with Yugoslavia
Beginning of battles around Berlin
signing of friendship agreement with Poland
The Red Army completes its campaign in Berlin
signing of the surrender agreement of Nazi Germany
Victory Parade in Red Square in Moscow
signing of an agreement with Czechoslovakia on the transfer of part of the territory beyond the Carpathians to the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union declares war on Japan
The Red Army began a military operation against the Japanese army - Operation August Storm
signing of an agreement between the Soviet Union and China . China recognizes the establishment of a military base of the Soviet Union in Port Arthur and Dalian
The Soviet Union and the United States reach an agreement on the division of Korea
signing of an agreement with Poland regarding the border between the countries
Landing of Red Army forces in Port Arthur and Dalein
signing of a cooperation agreement with Hungary
the end of the occupation of the Kuril Islands by the Red Army
the end of the battles with Japan . Signing a surrender agreement
meeting of foreign ministers of allies in London
renewal of diplomatic relations with Hungary
The United Nations adopts Resolution No. 2 - calling on the Soviet Union to withdraw its forces from Iran
The Red Army is now called the "Soviet Army
signing of an agreement of friendship and commercial and cultural cooperation with Mongolia
Winston Churchill in his speech in the United States used the term " Iron Curtain " for the first time and warned of the Soviet Union's willingness to expand
The Supreme Soviet passes a law related to the five-year plan 1946-1950 . The five-year plan is based on accelerated development of heavy industry and increased steel production , coal mining and oil production in particular.
The Soviet Union agreed on the withdrawal of its forces from Iran as a result of international pressure and as a response to several United Nations resolutions on the subject. Progress in the context of solving the Iran crisis
beginning of the Paris conference. During the conference, peace agreements are formed with countries that were allies of Germany during World War II
start of work of the first nuclear reactor in the Soviet Union
signing of a friendship and cooperation agreement with Romania
In Paris , agreements were signed between the Allies and countries that fought in World War II alongside Nazi Germany . In addition to border changes, it was agreed upon to pay compensation to the winning countries. The Soviet Union received about $1 billion in this framework
The Supreme Soviet made a decision to ban marriages with foreign citizens
beginning of the process of collectivization of the agricultural farms in Latvia , Lithuania and Estonia
abolition of the death penalty . This order was in effect until 1950
The Pravda newspaper condemns the Marshall Plan
failure of the conference of foreign ministers in London . This failure led to a disconnection between the Western countries and the Eastern countries and was another side towards the Cold War
The Soviet Union begins to take steps that complicate the relationship between West Germany and West Berlin
signing of a cooperation agreement with Finland
The Soviet Union recognizes the declaration of Israel as an independent state
the beginning of the blockade of Berlin
After an exchange of letters, Yugoslavia is declared as a country that does not form an integral part of the Soviet camp. Relations between the countries are in crisis
Start of talks in Moscow to settle the crisis around Berlin
The United States expelled the Consul General of the Soviet Union in New York
The Soviet Union breaks its diplomatic ties with the United States on the grounds that 2 citizens of the Soviet Union are being forcibly held
The Soviet Union announced the evacuation of all its forces from Korea within a year
Establishment of diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and North Korea
establishment of the "Council for Mutual Aid". The economic organization in which the Soviet Union and the countries of the Soviet bloc in Eastern Europe participated
massive deportation of the residents of Lithuania , Estonia and Latvia to Siberia ( the great deportation of March ). About 95 thousand civilians were deported in this operation
extensive celebrations to mark Joseph Stalin 's 70th birthday
in accordance with the decree of the Supreme Soviet, the death penalty was extended
The Soviet Union recognized the independence of Vietnam
signing of an alliance and friendship agreement with the People's Republic of China . The duration of the agreement is 30 years
Marshal Kliment Voroshilov officially announces that the Soviet Union has a nuclear bomb
The Soviet Union intercepts an American plane that invaded its airspace in the area of Latvia
North Korea, with the support of China and the Soviet Union , started a war against South Korea . The Soviet Air Force actively participated in this war , gaining important operational experience in operating jet aircraft .
a pair of American planes during an operational flight over North Korea entered the airspace of the Soviet Union and attacked a military airport . The United States government apologized for the incident, the squadron commander was transferred to another position and the pilots were put on trial
agreement on the exchange of territory between the Soviet Union and Poland . In accordance with the agreement, approximately 480 square kilometers were transferred
In light of Joseph Stalin 's health , the Politburo etablishes an advisory body composed of Georgi Malenkov , Lavrenty Bria and Nikolai Bulganin . In practice, Stalin continues to function as an all-powerful ruler
Elections for the governing institutions of republics that make up the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union proposed a ceasefire in the Korean War
The United States offers to start the talks on Korea as soon as possible
Second nuclear test of the Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin announces that the Soviet Union has nuclear weapons
The government of the Soviet Union opposes the position of France , Great Britain and the United States regarding the future of Germany
Diplomatic talks with a large delegation from China headed by Zhou Enlai
The Soviet Union vetoes Japan's membership in the United Nations
beginning of meetings of the 19th Congress of the Bolshevik Party. At the conference it was decided to change the name of the party to the " Communist Party of the Soviet Union ", abolish the Politburo and establish a new supreme body known as the "Presidium".
The Soviet Union severed diplomatic relations with Israel following the attack on the Soviet axis in Tel Aviv that occurred on February 9 , despite the fact that the Israeli government condemned the attack.
Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke . The stroke paralyzed the right side of his body and rendered him unconscious until his death on March 5
Joseph Stalin passed away
Octoberists are established
Kadets (Constitutional Democratic Party) are formed
On August 27, Kerensky dissolved the cabinet and arbitrarily assumed “dictatorial powers
Periodi
Battle of Tannenberg: German victory
The First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies took place in Petrograd
The Battle of Warsaw began , which lasted until August 25.
the VIII All-Russian Congress of Soviets took place in Moscow
Kronstadt uprising under the slogan "For Soviets without Communists !". It was brutally suppressed by the Bolsheviks.
2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets took place in Petrograd
The XI Congress of the Bolsheviks was held in Moscow
The IV Congress of the Comintern was held in Petrograd and Moscow
XII Congress of the Bolsheviks
XIII Conference of the Bolsheviks
The Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR opened in Moscow
XIII Congress of the Bolsheviks
At the IV Congress of the Soviet of the USSR, the principle of five-year planning was approved. The development of the first five-year plan was carried out by economists of the Supreme Economic Council
The XV Congress of the Bolsheviks begins its work , which developed a program for the collectivization of agriculture .
Plenum of the Central Committee of the All - Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, at which Stalin delivered a speech "On industrialization and the grain problem." The "rights" ( Bukharin , Tomsky , Rykov ) sharply criticized Stalin's economic policies for not continuing the NEP.
VI Congress of the Comintern . Acceptance of the program of the Communist International, break with the "right elements", return to defensive tactics directed primarily against the Social Democrats.
VIII Congress of Trade Unions. It was criticized by Tomsky , who was subsequently removed from the post of chairman of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions in June 1929 .
Stalin declared 1929 "the year of a big turning point." The beginning of a gradual departure from the NEP.
The XVI Party Conference began . It approves the current five-year plan (and the benchmarks are even higher) and calls for the development of "socialist competition" everywhere. A decision was made to purge the party.
The Plenum of the Central Committee opened, at which the "right deviation" was condemned. N. Bukharin was removed from his posts in Pravda and in the Comintern.
at the plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Nikolai Bukharin was again accused of "right deviation" along with two other leaders - Rykov and Tomsky and removed from the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks
XVI Congress of the Bolsheviks, which ended in the defeat of the right opposition. Tomsky removed from the Politburo .
The V Congress of the Profintern opened in Moscow , which was the last.
the XVII Conference of the Bolsheviks
Opening of the 17th Congress of the Bolshevik Party
the (last) Comintern conference . It was agreed to oppose fascist regimes
the 18th Congress of the Bolshevik Party. The conference approves the third five-year plan (for the years 1938 - 1942 ) whose implementation was stopped following the war.
Battles in the Korson-Cherkassy region between the Red Army and about 60,000 armored German soldiers. In the end, a significant part of the German force managed to break through the siege, while suffering heavy losses, and join the main force.
The IV Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party
The First Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party
Second State Duma
Third State Duma
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