Key events in Russia and the Soviet Union 1917-41
Category: Altro
è stato aggiornato: 21 mar 2022
Autori
Created byBas Howells
Attachments
19 mar 2022
Eventi
Tsar Nicholas II is forced to step down. The
Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’
Deputies is formed, as is the first Provisional
Government.Lenin holds a speech announcing the ‘April
Theses’, in which he calls for the soviets to take
power.Alexander Kerensky becomes Prime Minister.The second Provisional Government is formed.The coalition Provisional Government is
formed.Bolsheviks and left-wing Socialist
Revolutionaries overthrow the Provisional
Government.The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk formally ends
Russia’s involvement in the First World War, but
with great losses of Russian territory. General
Lavr Kornilov organises an anti-Bolshevik
volunteer army known as the ‘Whites’. Civil war
breaks out between the Bolshevik ‘Reds’ and
the anti-Bolshevik ‘Whites’. Tsar Nicholas II and
his family are executed.The Civil War officially ends with the communist
Red Army’s victory, but there are further
peasant uprisings in some non-Russian regions
until the mid-1920s.Sailors from the Kronstadt naval base rebel
against the government’s New Economic Policy
(NEP). The end of War Communism results in a
growth of private enterprises.Joseph Stalin is appointed to the newly created
position of General Secretary of the Central
Committee of the Communist Party.
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR,
or Soviet Union) is created from four socialist
republics that replaced the Russian Empire
after the November Revolution (more soviet
republics were added in later years).Lenin dies. This leads to Stalin taking hold of
the power of the party at the expense of Leon
Trotsky.The First Five-Year Plan further develops Soviet
industry and agriculture. Trotsky is exiled to
Alma-Ata in Soviet Central Asia (Kazakhstan).Stalin announces the principle of liquidating
(eliminating) kulaks (wealthier peasants).Concerned by the rise of Nazi Germany, the
Soviet Union enters the League of Nations.
Sergey Kirov, the leader of the Leningrad
Communist Party and Stalin’s rival, is
assassinated.The German–Soviet Non-Aggression Pact is
formed. Hitler invades Poland without reaction
from the Soviet Union, and Poland is divided
between Germany and the Soviet Union.Stalin becomes government head, as Chairman
of the Council of Ministers. Germany launches
Operation Barbarossa and invades the Soviet
Union.Periodi
Government policies and actions result in some
seven million deaths from famine and disease.Three major ‘show trials’ are held, where
Stalin’s opponents are publicly tried and shot.
Comments