Grotesque Timeline
Category: Altro
è stato aggiornato: 28 set 2019
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Created byHannah Javens
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Leonardo da Vinci’s studies of grotesquesCaricature by Bartolomeo PasserottiValverde de Amusco; Anatomia del corpo humano, Etching (hOLY SHIT)Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Dulle Griet (Mad Meg)Pieter Bruegel the Elder - The Triumph of DeathRembrandt, The Anatomy Lesson of Nicolaes TulpSalvator Rosa - The Temptation of Saint Anthonythomas bartholin anatomia reformata - found this by accident but holy sHITPhysica Curiosa; 1600 page work that contains engravings and description of all known monstrosities at the timeROBERT MCGINNIS (American b.1926). Wuthering Heights, paperback coverFrancis Bacon - Painting (1946)Ed Gein's Human Flesh Masks, 1957The House is Black by Forugh Farrokzad (1963)Jesus Christ Superstar? (1973 movie)Marina Abramović – Rhythm 0, 1974Susperia 1977 (grotesque by parodying/creating the ironic of the 80s horror movie; exaggeration of reactions, “fakeness” of the blood while also implementing the jumpscare-esque shock w certain events)Eraserhead (1977) (specifically the eraserhead baby)The Thing, 1982, John Carpenter (director); face splitting“Medusa” by Tim Prince; his general creationsAppearance in Gyo, also abt the grotesqueShrek (2001)Patricia Piccinini – Young Family, 2002the fucking blobfish (2003) n everyone was like omg it’s so ugly but also kinda cuteStygiomedusa gigantea, goblin shark when feeding, Sarcastic Fringehead, Northern Stargazer, black Dragonfish, Gulper Eel,FUCKING MUDSKIPPERS; date of when i was traumatizedJames R Ford – Bogey Ball, 2004Cult of Dionysus by The Orion Experience (2006)Peter-Joel Witkin – Ars Moriendi (2007)Jake & Dinos Chapman, Fucking Hell (2008)https://topdocumentaryfilms.com/why-beauty-matters/ (2009)Bello Bello Bello! by Pili Alvarez (2013)Don (John?) Kenn Gallery (2013+?)Intelligence Squared: A History of Beauty and Ugliness at Selfridges London (2014; videographer may be inept): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pAMfbOKyj0What We Do In The Shadows (2014)Penny Dreadful (2014+)Ivan Da Silva: "The relative nature of ugliness and beauty" (2015): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPnv3GWnbngMichael Kvium: Ugly vs Beauty (2015): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8NiLQv8yxgKen Currie, Hiroshima Smile 2 (2015)RED GHOST, Gerald Brom, 2016Layers of Fear (2016)Oh Mona Lisa You’re An Overated Piece of Shit song (2016)The Ugliness of Beauty - What is Beauty? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cbB72464To (is this related to ugliness or am i gonna have to work backwards with this one??) (2016)Thomas Nast Communist Skeleton (2017 meme I’m back on my bullshit, Be Gay Do Crime)Loving Vincent??? (2017)Creeped Out (2017)The Cats Movie Trailer, the Sonic Movie original teaser, (2019)Cal Kearns Instagram; childhood cartoon series - 2019+Disgusting Food Museum (Sweden; open now - other locations coming soon)The Morbid Anatomy Library; new York (make appt to visit, maybe interview someone as to why create the collection)Mütter Museum, Philadelphia, (macabre curiosity collection)The Face of Fear. Amazing Makeup FX work by Fancy dress prosthetics by Kelly O'Dell.The Wolf ManHouseCrimson Peak (DIRECTED BY GUILLERMO DEL TORO THE ABSOLUTE MADMAN)Interview with the Vampire (this is literally??? so funny????? it's supposed to be horror but wtf am i supposed to do looking at brad pitt with long hair get seduced by tom cruise????????) - the unintentional seriousness = gothic camp!The Addams Family?Matt Mahurin?Lady Gaga's meat dressHunchback of Notre Dame (Disney)Hunchback of Notre Dame (live action)Sophia humanoid robotThe Digestion Process from The Blob (1988)Frank’s Resurrection in Hellraiser (1987)The Orgy from Society (1989)The Chestburster from Alien (1979)The Final Transformation from The Fly (1986)SlendermanSilent HillAnatomySonix.exeLimbo/InsideSCP-087 (and SCP-087-B)Lone SurvivorThumper???Mad Father, The Witch's HouseIntact nervous systems on displayValerie Hegarty‘s artworkDamien Hirst，God Knows Why, 2005Jana Sterbak， "Vanitas: Flesh Dress for an Albino Anorexic"“The Taste – The Count of Monte Cristo,” Francesco AlbanoArpad Slancik artwork“Pull Yourself Together", Sarah BestSarah Sitkin‘s work （Infection， 2016， etc。）Pier Paolo Pasolini’s 1975 SALÒWoman Weeping - Pablo PicassoThe Grotesque: International Group ExhibitionSedlec Ossuary，PragueIndiana Medical History Museum, Indianapolis, IndianaAnne Hardy's photographed roomsMeowWolf surrealism (when it goes from fun to ok wait fuck um like the eyes room i yeeted myself out of REAL quick)Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressivaeraserhead memehorrorbadly painted cats 1badly painted cats 2bishop fishmedieval catsalignment chart of animated animalsalfred kubin, danger, 1901alfred kubinalfred kubinalfred kubin, jede nacht besucht uns ein traum (Every Night a Dream Visits Us), 1900alfred kubin, into the unknownDas Grausen [The Horror], alfred kubin,alfred kubin, SEEGESPENST (SEA MONSTER)alfred kubin, Der HungerAlfred Kubin, Lady on the Horse 1901 (pen and ink, wash, and spray on paper).picasso catssandy hookfull on monetmedusaeveryone who loves lit is the same personsnartresurgence of neodadaismmillennial art is visual dada memeswhite men and artIf Beauty Were a Book, Allen Williamspolite cat, paintedsurrealistic celebrity photounattractive face"if gross + scary horror guys were attractive" - youtube videokardashians old picssit 27hrs for a paintinghalloweencoleman frogcats by picasso which look like mothsprout'sJoshua Reynolds, “‘Blinking Sam’ Johnson'” (THIS IS A FUCKING MEME WAIT)Fuseli’s The NightmarePlate 68 'Los Caprichos': Pretty teacher! (Linda maestra!), Goya (Francisco de Goya y Lucientes)Freak shows of 19th cent.Theodore Gericault – Study of the Heads of Torture Victims, 1818Théodore Géricault - anatomical pieces (1819)Jeremy Bentham’s preserved body and head, put on display19th century surgery without anaesthetic; 1841 textbooks, etc.Les Diables Froids, Félicien Rops, 1860A set design for Weber’s Der Freischutz from 1866The Hanged Man at the Bell Illustration for The Legend of Thyl Ulenspiegel and Lamme Goedzak by Charles de Coster, Felicien Rops, 1867Autodafé Painting by Mihály Zichy (1868)Skeleton Serving Milk to a Hungry Family Swill Milk 1878Felicien Rops, Pornokrates, 1878Mihály Zichy (1827-1906), A kísértetek órája (The ghost clock), detail, 1880(?)Thomas Nast Communist Skeleton (1880 ori ver. + 2017 meme I’m back on my bullshit, Be Gay Do Crime)Félicien Rops, Parodie Humain, 1881 (images shows sketch ver)Felicien Rops, Les Sataniques. Satan semant l'ivraieGustave Dore “The Raven” Poe illustrations from 1883Etched engraving, Félcien Rops, 1883, Le Vice SuprêmeJohn Heith Hanged In Tombstone, AZ, 1884 (Photograph)Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan, Ilya Repin (attacked twice)George Roux, “Spirit” 1885Crucified Man by Dore Gustave, Illustration from "The Divine Comedy" by Dante Alighieri Paris, Published 1885The Haunted Lane, Melander & Bro. 1889.Jakub Schikaneder - Murder in the House (1890)Jean Delville, The Idol of Perversity (L’idole de la perversite), 1891Odilon Redon - Smiling Spider (1891)Monreale, Jakub Schikaneder - 1893Oskar Zwintscher - “Grief” (“Woe”), 1898Alphonse Mucha - “The Suicide of Peter from the Vine”, 1898.Sister Gudule and Esmeralda - Luc-Oliver Merson (unknown date; before 1920 prob closer to end of 19th cent)A beggar, perhaps disfigured during World War I, sits on the street (undated photo, early 1900s); Bain News Service/Library of CongressRefuse piles up at the entrance to the tenements at 53 to 59 MacDougal Street, February 1912; Lewis Wickes Hine/Library of CongressChildren play near a dead horse left to rot in the street, circa 1905; Wikimedia CommonsDead bodies lie in an alley off Monroe Street following a nearby fire, December 1913; Library of CongressMan killed by a bomb at an anarchist rally in Union Square on March 28, 1908.The Patriarch and Death, Marcel Roux, 1900Illustration for Viy by R.Shteyn (1901)Accidental Decap Of Tom "Black Jack" Ketchum, 1901 (Photograph)Poe illustrated by Frederick Simpson Coburn (published 1902)Mutter mit totem Sohn (Mother with Dead Son) by Käthe Kollwitz (1903)Crâne aux yeux exorbités, Julien Duvocelle, circa 1904 (Musée d’Orsay, Paris)Serafino Macchiati, Le Visionnaire (1904)Dance of Death,1904–05, Marcel RouxThe Creature from Mars, Alfred Kubin, 1906Ame adorant Satan. Marcel Roux, 1907Franz von Stuck, Inferno (1908)The Spider (1910 - Engraving) - Marcel RouxA Family Xmas, 1914, William MortensenArthur Rackham’s 1917 Illustrations for the Brothers Grimm Fairy TalesCarl Olof Petersen (1880-1939), "Jugend Magazine" - 1920 (skeletons)The Medium by Al Lunois. From Jugend 1920Häxan: Witchcraft through the ages (1922)Otto Dix, Verwundeter (Wounded Soldier), 1924Otto Dix, The War ("Der Krieg"), 1932; Galerie Neue Meister, Dresden (Dresden War Triptych)Bunuel’s Un chien andalous (1929) - eye cut openthe old Frankenstein movie (compare with book) - (1931)Girl with Death Mask (She Plays Alone); Frida Kahlo, 1948McKamey horror house in San Diego, Californialoving hideous shitcat by mothsprout which looks like picasso'scats movie vs live action lion kingThe Rocky Horror Picture Show 1975Francis Bacon, “Study after Velazquez’s Portrait of Innocent X”, 1953Somewhat related? The Princess of Mononoke’s; Lady’s support of the lepers (2003)Pan's LabyrinthAsger Carlsen – Hester series (2012) (look up other work as well)Andrea Hasler – Embrace The Base, 2013https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/nation/best-horror-movie-death-scenes-in-the-history-of-filmEldritch horrors“Nightmare fuel”, "body horror", etcMacabreGaetano Zumbo, The Plague, FlorenceWilliam Hogarth’s Characters & CaricaturasGustave Doré - Death on the Pale Horse (1865)Nuremberg ChronicleVestigial Tail on humansIllustration of Quasimodo - Francois Flameng 1885Illustration for "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar" by Harry Clarke, 1919.The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974)"The Gargoyle" Burning Flesh AdShape of WaterRoger Ballen, 1970s+ (Ballenesque) - Book by Thames & Hudson (2017)VenomCastle of Otranto (1764)Laclos's Les Liaisons dangereuses (1782)The Marquis de Sade, The 120 Days of Sodom, (1785), President de CurvalLews’ The Monk (?) (1796)Ann Radcliffe’s The Italian (?) (1797) (read SMT of hers!)Frankenstein by Mary Shelley (1818) (compare with film)Percy Shelley’s “The Waning Moon” 1820; Eroticism in DeathNotre Dame de Paris by Victor Hugo (1831) (compare to other depictions; Disney Movie, Live Action movie, translations and its errors, etc.)"The Viy", Nikolai GogolThe Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar, Edgar Allen Poe,The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether, Edgar Allen PoeWuthering Heights by Emily Bronte? (1847)Graveyard poetry and funeral elegies of gothic literatureRomanticist poetryCharles Baudelaire, The Flowers of Evil (1857)Beaudelaire’s Little Old Women & The Blind in Art in Paris 94 (1861)Zola - Les repoussoirs (1866)Potion and Spell, Charles Baudelaire, Little Prose Poems. 1869The Man Who Laughs by Hugo (1869)Ave, Dea; moriturus te salutat by Victor Hugo (1872)Carmilla (1872)Arthur Rimbaud’s A Season in Hell (1873)Strange Case of Dr Jekyl and Mr Hyde (1886)The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde (1890)The Yellow Wallpaper (1892)Dracula by Bram Stoker (1897) - ask emily for her essay on the anti-semetic rendering of the vampire?Henry James’ The Turn of the Screw (1898)The other side, Book by Alfred Kubin, 1908The Phantom of the Opera; Gaston Leroux (book) (1911)Kafka’s A Great Wound in ‘A Country Doctor’ 1919The ‘Thing’ by H.P. Lovecraft (1937)In the Woods Beneath Cherry Blossoms in Full Bloom (Do I examine non-European examples????) (1947)Fredric Brown's Sentinel (1950/1?)Sylvia Plath, Two Views of a Cadaver (1960)Flannery O'Connor wrote, "Whenever I'm asked why Southern writers particularly have a penchant for writing about freaks, I say it is because we are still able to recognize one."The Lame Shall Enter First, Flannery O'Connor, 1965I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream (1967)The Battlefield Where The Moon Says I Love You, Frank Stanford, 1977Coraline, Neil GaimanNeal Shusterman, UnwindThe Graveyard Book, Neil GaimanLeonardo da Vinci, On Painting. VI, 1498Francis Hutcheson, Inquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue (1725)Immanuel Kant: Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime (1764)Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s Laocoonte (1766), Poetic Ugliness and Pictorial UglinessImmanuel Kant; Critique of Judgement (1790)Schiller, On Tragic Art (1792)Friedrich Schiller, On the Aesthetic Education of Man (1794)Schiller, On the Sublime (1801)Ann Radcliffe, “On the Supernatural in Poetry” (1826)Victor Hugo’s concept of the grotesque; preface to Cromwell (1827)Théophile Gautier, preface to Mademoiselle de Maupin (1834)Hegel's Aesthetics (1835)Aesthetic of Ugliness by Karl Rosenkranz (1853)https://slate.com/human-interest/2017/10/spirit-photography-and-child-mortality-in-the-19th-century.htmlMatthew Arnold, from Culture and Anarchy (1867-69)Baudelaire: The Painter of Modern Life, 1869Leo Tolstoy; What is Art? (1897)Freud’s Uncanny (do i really need to reread it tho) (1919)Andre Breton, Surrealist Manifesto of 1924Herbert Ellsworth Cory, “Ugliness and Evil"Oswald de Andrade, “The Manifesto Antropófago (Cannibal Manifesto)” (1928)John Dewey, from Art as Experience (1934)Clement Greenberg, “Avant-Garde and Kitsch” (1939)John Wilcox, “The Beginnings of l‘Art Pour l’Art” (1953)Geoffrey Gorer, Pornography of DeathHans Sedlmayr’s The Death of Light, iii, 2 1964, The Ugliness of ‘Technical Beauty’Susan Sontag’s ‘Notes on Camp’ 1964Guy Debord, The Society of Spectacle (1967)Joseph Kusoth, “Art After Philosophy” (1969)Adorno, Aesthetic Theory (1970)Augusto Boal, from Theatre of the Oppressed? (1970s)The Sense of Ugliness by Peter A. Carmichael (pp. 495-498) (1972)Henri Lefebvre, Critique of Everyday Life (how the gothic horror is everyday now) (1977)Jean Baudrillard, Simulacra and Simulation (1981)Julia Kristeva, Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection (1982)On the Grotesque: Strategies of Contradiction in Art and Literature, Geoffrey Harpham (1982)Beauty and Its Opposites by Ruth Lorand (pp. 399-406) (1994)Brian Massumi, “The Autonomy of Affect” (1995)Jeffrey Jerome Cohen, “Monster Culture (Seven Theses)” (1996)Extraordinary Bodies by Connor, David J., and Connor (pp. 275-279) (1996)Nicolas Bourriaud, from Relational Aesthetics (1998)V.S. Ramachandran and William Hirstein, “The Science of Art: A Neurological Theory of Aesthetic Experience” (1999)Hello, Fruit Face!: The Paintings of Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Claudia Strand, (1999)Michael Löwy, “Redefining Romanticism” (2002)Andre Bernard, Rotten Rejections (Reader’s reports and criticisms): They Thought the Following were Ugly (2002)Frances S Connelly, Modern Art and the Grotesque (2003)Jacques Rancière, from The Politics of Aesthetics (2003)On Beauty, Umberto EcoOn Ugliness, Umberto EcoSilvan Tomkins, “What are Affects?” (2007)John Hyman, “Art and Neuroscience” (2010)Plain Ugly: The Unattractive Body in Early Modern Cult (2010)Dark Inspiration: Grotesque Illustrations, Art & Design (2010)Ugly: The Aesthetics of Everything by Stephen Bayley (pp. 1-272) (2011)National Endowment for the Arts, “How Art Works” (2012)Felix Krämer, “Dark Romanticism: An Approach” (2012)Incurable Disorder: The Art of Elizabeth McGrath, Elizabeth McGrath (2013) (can I trust a self written document?)Raymond Williams, “Structures of Feeling” (1970s, book in 2015)Experimental Fashion: Performance Art, Carnival and the Grotesque Body, Francesca Granata (2016)Ugliness: The Non-beautiful in Art and Theory (International Library of Modern and Contemporary Art) by Andrei Pop (Editor), Mechtild Widrich (Editor)Infernal Grotesque: Classical Paintings Of Hell, Demons, Witchcraft & Death (Illuminated Masters) - Gianfranco Sodoma (2017)Randy Feltface on creating something and being an asshole vs being a peaceful person and never contributing anything (2017?)https://culturacolectiva.com/art/grotesque-art-originshttps://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2014/nov/17/shock-horror-grotesque-art-jonathan-paynehttps://www.apollo-magazine.com/horrible-art-histories-grotesque/https://gizmodo.com/the-untold-history-of-ugliness-1548567950https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-contemporary-women-artists-obsessed-grotesquehttps://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2018/07/31/ugliness-is-underrated-in-defense-of-ugly-paintings/https://aeon.co/ideas/the-history-of-ugliness-shows-that-there-is-no-such-thing“Hell is other people.” - Sartre, 1944sfumato technique (wtf is it?)The Elephant Man + his autobiography (The Autobiography of Joseph Carey Merrick) (1862-90; book in 1884)Monster Fuckingthe (reddit) forums of creepy things kids have said/drawnGhost hunting; focus on dilapidated places, abandoned objects once loved (dolls, toys, etc)Fairytales that relate to ugliness (ugly stepsisters, the beast, etc)Temple of Apollo vs Dionysus (same temple can’t remember which, dionysus side’s meaning/contribution was ignored; presence of Delphi between the two “opposing forces”)Cryptids(are there scholarly texts on eldritch horrors bc... i want them)Periodi
PhysiologusLiber monstrorumda Vinci, Leonardo. Two Grotesque Profiles Confronted. 1485-90Hieronymus Bosch’s Triptychs (i.e. Triptych of The Temptations of Saint Anthony)The Temptations of St. Anthony - Matthias GrünewaldGrotesque Woman, Quentin Metsys, London, National GalleryGiuseppe Arcimboldo's fruit portraitsClemente Susini, Venerina, late eighteenth century, Bologna, Institute of HumanGrotesque Head of a Man in a Tall Bonnet, late 18th to early 19th century, Attributed to Jean-Pierre Norblin de la GourdaineFrancisco Goya y Lucientes. The Sleep of Reason Produces MonstersGoya, Saturn Devouring His Son, 1819-1823Goya, Disasters of War series 1810-1820)Julia Pastrana, touring as “the ugliest woman in the world.” (lived in 19th cent.)Boy Staring at an Apparition. Francisco de Goya, c. 1824-1825Picasso’s “depictions” (portraits, etc) in cubism vs more “purely” geometric compositions (early 20th cent)Egon Schiele (early 20th cent)Marcel Duchamp’s Ready Mades (1914-23)Russian famine of 1921-22 (photos of cannabilism, disfigurement due to starvation, etc.)Diane Arbus, “the photographer of the ugly” - 1956-71The Twilight Zone (1959-64) : Horror without the “ugly”Geliy Korzhev (throughout late 20th cent, grotesque works 70+ due to fall of Communism)Tales from the Crypt (TV Series 1989–1996)Andres Serrano, Budapest (The Model), 1994 - More from this artist (Interpretations of Dreams, SH_T exhibit on photos of excrement in 2008)Hermann Nitsch – Das Orgien Mysterien Theater - 1962-1998Zdzisław Beksiński – Night Creeper (mid 1980s; “fantastic period” + death)Elizabeth McGrath (active throughout 21st cent)Juan Caparas (Gloom, other work in general) - 21st centuryHunter Scheiderer (21st century); insta: @hunter.slugdaddyJonathan Payne – Fleshlettes (21st cent)A Series of Unfortunate Events (book series, 1999-2006)A Series of Unfortunate Events (Netflix series) - 2017-2019Alessandro Boezio sculptures (2010+)The resurgence of “curiosity specimens” now by altering original forms (crystalizing insects, skeletons being spliced together, etc.)(The Enigma of Amigara Fault - Junji Ito, 2001, popular 2013+)Welcome to Nightvale (2012-now) : Horror without the “ugly”The Kirlian Frequency (2017 ori, 2019 translation)Emil Melmoth, The Penitent (2019), Stranded Kids (2015)Toshihiko Ikeda (21st cent+)The Ugliest Dog in the World Contests vs Westminster Dog ShowDadismNeodadaismThe Deep/Dark Web (filmed executions, merc groups playing "games", etc.)School shootings, deportation/ICE raids + news stories vs live snapchat; pictures of people’s bodies dead bc of the live pics etc being shared (Kent State Shootings bodies, etc.)Pimple popping videos on YouTubeBerkeley Pit, Butte, Montana (deadly pollution due to strip mining since 1950-1982)The SkinBag Collection by Olivier Gouletalfred kubin, THOU SHALT NOT KILL, 1900-1The Brood (Cat and kittens) : Alfred Kubin : circa 1902Alfred Kubin, Insect from the moon , 1900 - 1901alfred kubin, saturnalfred kubin, [Inhabitants of Mars] (Abitanti di Marte)alfred kubin, The EggEvelyn, Evelyn (2007-2010)“Most Honourable and Facetious Society of Ugly Faces”; Liverpool, EnglandPaul Sandby’s Puggs Graces Etched from his Original Daubing, caricaturing Hogarth painting monstrously deformed women in order to conform to his “Line of Beauty” (called “Line of Deformity” by critics)alfred kubin, epidemie, 1900-1The Phantom of the Opera, musical (1986), musical movie (2004)Surrealism/sublime of ispy books - 90sCindy Sherman’s photography; her “hard copy photos”, current instagram, etc.Ivan le Lorraine Albright’s The Portrait of Dorian Gray 1943-44 paintingcarrion -baudelaire (1857, extended ver in 1868)Pulp Fiction based on Gothic fictionEdmund Burke’s Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1756-59)https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/the-origins-of-the-gothichttps://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4916796/Victorian-women-cashed-unusual-appearances.htmlhttps://www.collectorsweekly.com/articles/healing-spas-and-ugly-clubs-how-victorians-taught-us-to-treat-people-with-disabilities/https://www.wired.com/2014/05/awesomely-gross-medical-illustrations-from-the-19th-century/https://timeline.com/in-the-1800s-there-were-literally-laws-against-being-ugly-and-no-surprise-who-suffered-most-c0b7a26ba8c9https://www.medicaldaily.com/science-behind-why-videos-popping-pimples-cysts-and-blackheads-are-so-popular-right-333454https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/siibs/sresearch/gothic-bible-projectCivil War’s creation of ghosts to cope (1861-65)MEDIEVALMANNERISMRENAISSANCEBAROQUEROCOCONEOCLASSICALROMANTICISMACADEMICREALISMPRE-RAPHAELITEIMPRESSIONISMPOST-IMPRESSIONISMSYMBOLISMART NOUVEAUFAUVISMEXPRESSIONISMCUBISMFUTURISMDADASURREALISMART DECOABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISMPOP ARTMINIMALISMCONCEPTUAL/INSTALLATION ARTPHOTOREALISMCONTEMPORARYFEUDALISMHUNDRED YEARS WAREUROPEAN AGE OF DISCOVERY; COLONISATIONSPANISH INQUISTIONMERCANTILISMPROTESTANT REFORMATIONLITTLE ICE AGE OF EUROPE (FAMINE)AGE OF ENLIGHTMENTINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONAMERICAN REVOLUTION1ST FRENCH REVOLUTIONFRENCH REVOLUTIONARY WARS; REIGN OF TERROR (1793-1794), NAPOLEON BONAPARTE TAKES POWER (1796-1802)NAPOLEONIC WARS (FR VS EURO) ; BORDERS OF EUROPE MINORLY CHANGED, BRITAIN EMERGES WORLD POWER, COLLAPSE OF SPANISH EMPIRE, INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS IN L. AMERICA BEGINS,SPANISH AMERICAN WARS OF INDEPENDENCEMANIFEST DESTINY IN USPAX BRITANNICA (PERIOD OF RELATIVE PEACE)ABOLITIONISM SPREADS (EUROPE: LATE 18TH-EARLY 19TH CENT, US EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 1863)AMERICAN CIVIL WARRECONSTRUCTION AND EVENTUAL SEGREGATION IN AMERICA POST-CIVIL WARGERMAN EMPIRESCRAMBLE FOR AFRICAWORLD WAR 1GREAT DEPRESSION + DUST BOWLROARING TWENTIESSPANISH CIVIL WARSECOND WORLD WAR; HOLOCAUST, PACIFIC & ATLANTIC THEATERSBEATNIK MOVEMENTREMAINING COLONIES BEGIN TO GAIN INDEPENDENCECOLD WAR; SPACE RACE, THREAT OF NUCLEAR WARGERMANY SPLITS INTO EAST AND WESTKOREA WAR (50-53), VIETNAM WAR (55-75)CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTAIDS EPIDEMIC (PEAK IN 1995, STILL ISSUE BUT NOT A SURGE AS BEFORE)INFORMATION/TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION9/11 FOLLOWED BY WAR ON TERRORGLOBALISATIONGREAT RECESSION (LATE 2007; 2008 SAW GLOBAL STOCK MARKETS PLUNGE, EFFECTS STILL FELT TODAY BY MILLENIALS)FERGUSON SHOOTING SPARKS BLACK LIVES MATTER MOVEMENTREVOLUTIONS OF 1848SPANISH-AMERICAN WARFALL OF BERLIN WALL; GERMAN REUNIFICATIONREVOLUTIONS OF 1989 (BY STATELITE COUNTRIES)HURRICANE KATRINAOCCUPY MOVEMENT PROTESTSCLIMATE CRISIS PROTESTS AFTER DECADE OF RISING TEMPS AND SEA LEVEL, INCREASING CARBON AND POLLUTION LEVELS, COMES TO CRUX
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