HIV/AIDS Intervention timeline - Il nastro del tempo

Pre 1980: HIV crosses from chimpanzees to humans. Current epidemic may have started in 1970

Gay community sees many reported cases and deaths. HIV is identified in rare lung infection (PCP) and aggressive cancer in LA and NY

HIV is determined to be transmitted sexually and is called gay-related immune deficiency (or GRID). In Sept. it is called 'AIDS' (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) for the first time. In Uganda it is identified as a wasting disease called 'Slim'

AIDS is reported in females and children.

The National Cancer Institute determines that AIDS is caused by retrovirus HTLV-III and the virus is called HTLV-III/LAV. Plans are made for a vaccine

FDA licenses first commercial blood test. U.S Public Health ervice issues first recommendations for preventing mother to child transmission.

International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses officially renames the virus HIV

WHO launches The Global Program on AIDS. FDA approves the first antiretroviral drug, zidovudine (AZT) and HIV antibody test. WHO confirms transmission from mother to child during breastfeeding. AIDS is the first illness debated by the UN.

WHO declares Dec. 1 first World AIDS Day

CDC releases the first guidelines to prevent PCP, the major cause of deaths.

FDA approves the use of zidovudine (AZT) to treat children with AIDS.

Visual AIDS Artists Caucus launched the Red Ribbon Project as a symbol for people living with HIV.

FDA licenses a 10 minute testing kit which could be used by healthcare professionals to detect HIV-1

CDC adds pulmonary tuberculosis, recurrent pneumonia and invasive cervical cancer to the list of AIDS indicators

USA Public Health Service recommends the use of AZT to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The FDA approves an oral HIV test - the first non-blood HIV test.

FDA approves the first protease inhibitor beginning a new era of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). For those countries that could afford it, HAART would cause a decline of 60%-80% in rates of AIDS-related deaths and hospitalization.

FDA approves the first home testing kit that measures levels of HIV in the blood, the drug (nevirapine); and the first HIV urine test

FDA approves Combivir, a combination of two antiretroviral drugs, taken as a single daily tablet.

WHO announces AIDS is the 4th biggest cause of death worldwide and no. 1 killer in Africa

UNAIDS negotiates the reduction of cost of ARVs for developing countries. UN adopts the MDGs including the goal to reverse spread of HIV.

The UN advocates the creation of a 'global fund' to support efforts to combat HIV. Major pharmaceuticals agree to reduce prices of medications further and WTO announces the 'Doha Declaration' to allow developing countries manufacture medications for diseases like HIV.

Global Fund approves grants of $600m. AIDS is by far the leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa.South Africa's highest court order government to make nevirapine available to HIV-positive pregnant women and their children. FDA approves the first rapid (20 minutes) HIV test with 99.6% accuracy.

U.S President’s Emergency Plan F or AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is created; a $15 billion, 5 year plan to combat AIDS in countries with a high HIV infections. WHO announces an initiative to treat 3 million HIV- infected people by 2005.

Male circumcision is found to reduce the risk of female-to-male transmission and is advocated to reduce the infection in highly infected areas with low male circumcision.

WHO and UNAIDS issue new guidance recommending “provider- initiated” HIV testing in healthcare settings.

CAPRISA 004 microbicide trial and iPrEx trial show success in reducing HIV infection in women and gay men respectively.

HPTN 052 trial shows 96% reduced risk of onfection in serodiscordant couples. FDA approves Complera a second all-in- one combination tablet.

FDA approves PrEP for HIV-negative people to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV. For the first time, the majority of people eligible for treatment were receiving it (54%).

UNAIDS reported that AIDS-related deaths had fallen 30% since their peak in 2005.

UNAIDS “Fast Track” targets calls for, among other things, an end to the epidemic by 2030. It also launches the 90-90-90 target; 90% people diagnosed, 90% accessing treatment, 90% achieving suppression by 2020.

UNAIDS announces MDG on HIV and AIDS is achieved ahead of schedule. WHO launches a new treatment that all people living with HIV should access treatment no matter the CD4 count. UNAIDS releases 2016-2021 strategy in line with SDGs.

64% of HIV diagnoses in Europe occur in Russia. UNAIDS a nnounces 18.2 million people on ART and fears of resistant strains arise.

For the first time ever, more than half of the global population living with HIV are receiving ART. Prevention Access Campaign launches an anti-stigma slogan "Undetectable = Untransmittable" (U=U); Organisations around the world endorse it.