8 ottob 451 anni - Council of Chalcedon

Descrizione:

Date and Location:

-Convened in 451 AD.
-Held in Chalcedon, near Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey).

Purpose:

-Address the Eutychian controversy and the nature of Christ.
-Clarify and solidify Christological doctrine to maintain unity within the Church.

Attendees:

-Approximately 520 bishops, primarily from the Eastern Roman Empire.
-Convened by Emperor Marcian and presided over by the imperial commissioners and Anatolius, Patriarch of Constantinople.

Key Outcomes:

Definition of the Hypostatic Union:

-Affirmed the doctrine of the hypostatic union, stating that Jesus Christ is one person with two distinct natures, divine and human.
-Declared that these two natures are without confusion, without change, without division, and without separation.

Condemnation of Eutychianism (Monophysitism):

-Rejected the teachings of Eutyches, who claimed that Christ's human nature was absorbed into his divine nature, resulting in a single nature.
-Affirmed that Christ's two natures coexist without merging or altering each other.

Chalcedonian Creed:

-Formulated a new creed that built upon the Nicene Creed and the definitions from the Council of Ephesus.
-Provided a clear and authoritative statement on the nature of Christ, which remains a cornerstone of orthodox Christian theology.

Canons and Ecclesiastical Discipline:

-Issued 28 canons addressing church administration, discipline, and hierarchy.
-Canon 28 granted the Patriarch of Constantinople equal privileges to the Bishop of Rome, emphasizing the city's growing ecclesiastical significance.

Significance:

-Considered the fourth ecumenical council by most Christian denominations.
-Played a crucial role in defining Christology and resolving theological disputes within the Church.
-Strengthened the theological foundations established by previous councils.

Legacy:

-The Chalcedonian Definition remains a central tenet of orthodox Christian theology.
-The council's decisions led to a significant schism, with non-Chalcedonian churches (e.g., Oriental Orthodox Churches) rejecting the definition and forming separate traditions.
-Contributed to the development of ecclesiastical structures and canon law.
Notable Figures:

Emperor Marcian:

-Convened the council and played a key role in supporting its decisions.

Pope Leo I (Leo the Great):

-His Tome, a letter addressing the nature of Christ, was highly influential and formed the basis for the council’s Christological definitions.
-Though not present at the council, his theological contributions were critical.

Anatolius of Constantinople:

-Patriarch of Constantinople who presided over the council and supported its outcomes.

Flavian of Constantinople:

-Previously condemned by the Second Council of Ephesus (the "Robber Council") for his opposition to Eutychianism, he was posthumously vindicated by the Council of Chalcedon.

Eutyches:

-Archimandrite of a monastery in Constantinople whose teachings on the nature of Christ sparked the controversy addressed by the council.

Dioscorus of Alexandria:

-Patriarch of Alexandria who supported Eutychianism and was deposed by the council for his role in the Second Council of Ephesus and his theological positions.

The Council of Chalcedon was pivotal in articulating the doctrine of the hypostatic union and resolving Christological controversies, significantly impacting the theological and ecclesiastical landscape of Christianity.

Aggiunto al nastro di tempo:

Data:

Immagini:

Geo-marchi: