13 sett 1993 anni - The Oslo Accords

Descrizione:

The Oslo Accords are interim agreements between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), comprising the Oslo I Accord (1993) and Oslo II Accord (1995). These agreements initiated the Oslo peace process aimed at achieving a peace treaty based on UN Resolutions 242 and 338. The accords marked mutual recognition between Israel and the PLO and established the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) for limited self-governance in parts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Key Outcomes
Palestinian National Authority: Tasked with limited self-governance over parts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
Bilateral Negotiations: Addressed issues like borders, Israeli settlements, the status of Jerusalem, security, and the Palestinian right of return.
Oslo II: Detailed phased Israeli military withdrawal and Palestinian administrative control in Areas A and B, with Area C remaining under Israeli control.
Opposition and Challenges
Palestinian Opposition: Many Palestinians, including militant groups, opposed the accords. Edward Said called them a "Palestinian Versailles."
Israeli Opposition: Far-right Israelis opposed the accords, leading to the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin in 1995 by an extremist.
Process and Impact
The Oslo process involved cycles of negotiations and suspensions, ending with the failure of the 2000 Camp David Summit and the outbreak of the Second Intifada. Despite the interim agreements, key issues like final borders, the status of Jerusalem, and Palestinian statehood remain unresolved. The Oslo Accords laid the groundwork for subsequent peace efforts, including the Roadmap for Peace.

Aftermath
Continued Conflict: Violence and settlement expansions continued, straining the peace process.
Security Coordination: Despite challenges, security coordination between Israel and the PNA remains a significant factor in maintaining stability.
International Aid: Substantial international aid has been directed toward Palestinian development and governance since the accords.
The Oslo Accords, while not achieving a definitive peace, have been a crucial step in the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian peace process.

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