29 ottob 1956 anni - Operation Kadesh

Descrizione:

On 29 October 1956, the conflict began with the Israeli Air Force launching attacks on Egyptian positions across the Sinai. Israeli intelligence anticipated Jordan might side with Egypt, leading to the militarization of the Israel-Jordan border by the Israel Border Police. A curfew was imposed on Israeli-Arab villages along the Jordanian border, resulting in the Kafr Qasim massacre, where 48 civilians were killed by border policemen who were later tried and imprisoned for the "blatantly illegal" order to shoot civilians. This incident influenced Israeli law on war ethics and the legal status of Arab citizens in Israel.

Early Actions in Southern Sinai
The IDF Chief of Staff, General Moshe Dayan, planned to block the Mitla Pass. He ordered Battalion 890 of the Paratroop Brigade, led by Lieutenant Colonel Rafael Eitan, to drop near the pass. Colonel Ariel Sharon's brigade would then advance to meet Eitan's forces and secure their position.

Operation Kadesh began with Israeli paratroopers dropping into the Sinai Peninsula near the Mitla Pass. Four Israeli P-51 Mustangs disrupted Egyptian command by cutting telephone lines with their propellers. Due to a navigation error, the paratroopers landed three miles from their target and had to march to their intended position while receiving supplies from French aircraft. Concurrently, Sharon's 202nd Paratroop Brigade advanced towards the Mitla Pass, despite vehicle breakdowns. The initial Egyptian response, under Field Marshal Abdel Hakim Amer, underestimated the incursion as a raid, allowing the Israelis to make significant advances.

Early Actions Along the Gulf of Aqaba and Central Front
Simultaneously, the Israeli 9th Infantry Brigade captured Ras al-Naqb, using it as a staging ground for an attack on Sharm el-Sheikh. They executed a surprise night attack, bypassing natural chokepoints to surprise and capture the Egyptians without sustaining any casualties.

Colonel Josef Harpaz's 4th Infantry Brigade captured al-Qusaymah, intended as a base for an assault on Abu Uwayulah. Harpaz outflanked al-Qusaymah with two pincers in a night attack, storming the town from 3:00 am until sunrise and securing it for further operations.

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