26 ottob 1994 anni - Israel–Jordan peace treaty

Descrizione:

The Israel–Jordan peace treaty, formally the "Treaty of Peace Between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan," signed on October 26, 1994, ended the state of war existing since the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and established mutual diplomatic relations. It resolved land and water disputes, promoted cooperation in tourism and trade, and required both countries to prevent military strikes from their territories.

History
In 1987, Israel and Jordan attempted a secret peace agreement, which was not finalized. In 1988, Jordan relinquished claims to the West Bank. In 1994, following the Oslo Accords, discussions led by Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, Foreign Minister Shimon Peres, and King Hussein of Jordan began, resulting in the Washington Declaration on July 25, 1994, and the formal treaty in October.

Signing
The treaty was signed in the Arava valley near the Jordanian border, with key figures including Rabin, King Hussein, and U.S. President Bill Clinton. Egypt welcomed the agreement, while Syria ignored it and Hezbollah launched attacks against northern Galilee towns.

Content
The treaty consists of a preamble, 30 articles, 5 annexes, and agreed minutes covering territory, security, water, and cooperation:

Borders: Defined international boundaries and recognized Jordan’s sovereignty over specific areas.
Water: Established a Joint Water Committee, allocating water resources and cooperation in droughts.
Diplomatic Relations: Established full diplomatic relations, visa agreements, and prohibited hostile propaganda.
Security: Promised mutual respect for sovereignty, cooperation against terrorism, and non-cooperation with terrorist organizations.
Jerusalem: Recognized Jordan's role in Muslim holy shrines in Jerusalem.
Palestinian Refugees: Agreed to cooperate on refugee issues with Israel, Jordan, Egypt, and the Palestinians.
Follow-up
Following the treaty, borders opened, and tourism and trade increased. Relations between the leaders were close, though tensions arose, particularly during Netanyahu’s tenure as Israeli Prime Minister. Hussein’s personal diplomacy included notable gestures such as condolence visits and intervention in assassination attempts. Despite fluctuating relations, the treaty remained a cornerstone of regional peace efforts.

Recent Developments
In 2013, Israel and Jordan agreed to build a desalination plant on the Red Sea. In 2018, Jordan chose not to renew land leases under Annex I of the treaty.

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