11 dic 1948 anni - United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194

Descrizione:

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194, adopted near the end of the 1947-1949 Palestine War, established principles for a final settlement and the return of Palestinian refugees. Article 11 recommended that refugees who wanted to return and live peacefully should be allowed to do so promptly. It also proposed compensation for those choosing not to return and for losses or damages to property. The resolution also created the United Nations Conciliation Commission to mediate peace between Israel and Arab states, continuing the work of UN Mediator Folke Bernadotte after his assassination.

Of the 58 UN member states at the time, 35 voted in favor, 15 against, and 8 abstained. Arab League nations involved in the conflict opposed it, as did the Communist bloc, despite recognizing Israel. Both Israel, which was not yet a UN member, and Palestinian representatives opposed the resolution.

Resolution 194 has often been cited, particularly in establishing the UNRWA, as the foundation of the Palestinian "right of return," which Israel disputes. The resolution is reaffirmed annually by the UN General Assembly, and similar affirmations have been included in other UN resolutions.

The 1948 Palestine War displaced around 700,000 Palestinians, and Bernadotte advocated for their right to return in his reports, but Israel rejected these calls. Although Bernadotte's assassination by Jewish paramilitaries did not stop the push for refugee rights, Israel insisted that those who fled had no right to return, despite international pressure. This disagreement remains a core issue in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict today.

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194, adopted in 1948, aimed to facilitate a peaceful settlement of the Palestine conflict and the return of Palestinian refugees. It expressed gratitude for the work of the late UN Mediator Folke Bernadotte and created the UN Conciliation Commission to continue his mission. This commission, consisting of three member states, was tasked with mediating between the conflicting parties, helping finalize the settlement of outstanding issues, and ensuring the protection and accessibility of holy sites in Jerusalem.

Key provisions included:

Refugee Rights: The resolution called for allowing refugees who wished to return and live peacefully to do so promptly. Those choosing not to return would receive compensation for their property or losses.
Holy Sites Protection: Holy places, including Jerusalem, were to be safeguarded, with access assured and oversight provided by the UN.
Jerusalem's Status: Jerusalem and its surrounding area were designated for special treatment under international control, ensuring free access and demilitarization.
Economic Development: The commission was tasked with securing economic development arrangements, like access to ports and airfields.
Subsidiary Bodies: The commission could form subsidiary bodies and hire technical experts for its functions.
Reporting: Regular progress reports were to be submitted to the UN Secretary-General for transmission to the Security Council.
The resolution required cooperation from all parties to fulfill its terms and requested the Secretary-General to provide resources to implement it. Despite its intentions, the resolution's implementation remains contentious, and the right of return for Palestinian refugees continues to be a central issue in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

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