22 ottob 1948 anni - Operation Yoav

Descrizione:

Operation Yoav, also known as Operation Ten Plagues, was an Israeli military campaign during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War from October 15–22, aimed at opening the Negev Desert by splitting the Egyptian forces along the coast from those on the Beersheba–Hebron–Jerusalem road. Commanded by Yigal Allon and named after the fallen Palmach officer Yitzhak Dubno, codenamed "Yoav", the operation sought to capture the entire Negev, aligning with the area designated for a Jewish state by the 1947 UN Partition Plan.

The operation began with Israeli air force bombings of Gaza, al-Majdal, Beersheba, and Beit Hanoun, and included significant ground maneuvers. Israeli forces consisted of the Negev, Givati, and Yiftach Brigades, supported by the 8th Armored Brigade and extensive artillery. Key engagements included the mining of railways and roads by the Yiftach Brigade and the cutting off of strategic routes by the Givati Brigade. Beersheba was captured on October 21 after a brief battle.

Significant villages and towns captured during Operation Yoav included:

Beersheba (Population: 5,570) - Captured on October 21 by the 8th Armored and Negev Brigades, leading to the expulsion of Arab residents.

Bayt Jibrin (Population: 2,430) - Taken on October 24 after repeated bombings; depopulated.

al-Majdal (Population: 9,910) - Occupied on November 4; remaining villagers expelled by 1950.

Hulayqat (Population: 420) - Secured on October 19 by the Givati Brigade; previously recaptured and abandoned several times.

Kawkaba (Population: 680) - Captured on October 20; changed hands multiple times during the conflict.

al-Dawayima (Population: 3,710) - Captured on October 29; noted for a subsequent massacre.

Hamama and Al-Jura - Both captured on November 4, with residents expelled and villages destroyed.

Operation Yoav was crucial in altering the strategic landscape in the Negev, leading to the eventual Israeli control over the region and significantly impacting the local Arab population, with many becoming refugees.

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