Elizabeth Key Grinstead (1630–1665) holds significant historical importance as one of the earliest examples of an African woman in the American colonies who successfully fought for her freedom through the legal system. Born to an enslaved African woman and an English planter in the Virginia colony in the mid-17th century, Elizabeth Key was initially enslaved due to her mother's status. However, she challenged her enslavement in court, invoking English common law and asserting her status as a free person by birthright through her English father. In 1656, a landmark ruling in her favor granted Elizabeth Key her freedom, setting a legal precedent that acknowledged the rights of mixed-race individuals to freedom in the English colonies. Key's case highlighted the complexities of race, law, and identity in colonial America, as well as the agency and resilience of enslaved individuals who sought to assert their rights and challenge the institution of slavery. Her successful pursuit of freedom paved the way for future legal challenges and contributed to the gradual erosion of the institution of slavery in the American colonies.