3 ore 20 min, 19 giug 2025 anni - Freedom House: Israel’s occupation entails a blockade on export commerce, periodic military incursions, physical barriers and constraints on movement, demolition of homes and infrastructure, restricted rights and civil liberties, and expanding Jewish settlements in the West Bank. Palestine's Fatah government, the PA, is an authoritarian government locked in internal conflict with Hamas. It represses journalism, protest and opinion and has no functioning legislature.

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Overview
The political rights and civil liberties of Gaza Strip residents are severely constrained. Israel’s de facto blockade of the territory, along with its periodic military incursions and rule of law violations, has imposed serious hardship on the civilian population, as has Egypt’s tight control over the southern border. The Islamist political and militant group Hamas forcefully gained control of Gaza in 2007, following its victory in the preceding year’s legislative elections and a subsequent conflict with Fatah, the ruling party in the West Bank. The unresolved schism between Hamas and the Fatah-led Palestinian Authority (PA) has contributed to legal confusion and repeated postponement of elections, which have not been held in Gaza since 2006.

Israel’s military occupation of the West Bank entails onerous physical barriers and constraints on movement, demolition of homes and other physical infrastructure, restrictions on political rights and civil liberties, and expanding Jewish settlements that are widely considered to constitute a violation of international law. Jewish settlers in the West Bank are Israeli citizens and enjoy the same rights and liberties as other Israelis. The West Bank’s Palestinian residents, excluding those living in East Jerusalem, fall under the partial jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority (PA), which is operating with an expired presidential mandate and has no functioning legislature. The PA governs in an authoritarian manner, engaging in acts of repression against journalists and activists who present critical views on its rule. East Jerusalem Palestinians are governed directly by Israel; while a small minority of them have Israeli citizenship, most have a special residency status that denotes a restricted set of rights compared with those of Israeli citizens.

Key Developments in 2021
In January, PA president Mahmoud Abbas announced that long-overdue parliamentary and presidential elections would be held in May and July, respectively. He then suspended the process in April, citing the Israeli government’s refusal to allow PA election activity in East Jerusalem. Separately, a first round of PA municipal elections proceeded in December, but they were uncompetitive, with a majority of localities featuring single lists of candidates that ran unopposed.
Regionally sponsored talks aimed at bridging the divide between Fatah, the ruling Palestinian party in the West Bank, and the Islamic Resistant Movement (Hamas), which controls the Gaza Strip, broke down after Abbas’s April announcement that elections would be indefinitely postponed. Hamas boycotted the subsequent municipal-level voting in December and did not allow it to proceed in Gaza.
The threatened eviction of Palestinian families in East Jerusalem triggered local protests in April that greatly expanded across the West Bank in May, and Israeli forces responded with excessive force, resulting in a number of deaths and injuries.
In June, PA security forces in Hebron violently detained and physically abused civic activist Nizar Banat, who then died in custody. The killing set off widespread protests that were forcibly dispersed by Palestinian authorities.

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