1 gen 1912 anni - 1912: Afro-Cuban uprising. Repercussions and fears

Descrizione:

A political movement and uprising in Cuba had repercussions, creating fears in the white population that informed Cuba's use of power and suppressive force in subsequent social and political unrest. President José Miguel Gómez ordered the massacre of over two thousand Cubans of African descent in the so-called “Race War” of 1912. Many of the murdered men were veterans who had fought in the island’s wars for independence from Spain (1868–1898). In addition to being former soldiers, most of these Afro-Cubans were members of the recently formed Partido Independiente de Color (Independent Party of Color, PIC). As historian Aline Helg explores in Our Rightful Share, Generals Pedro Ivonnet and Evaristo Estenoz formed the PIC in 1908 to protest black exclusion from national office and to offer a more progressive agenda for Cuban politics. The PIC enjoyed popular support from Cubans of African descent across the island, especially those who lamented their continued inability to find stable employment or enter certain public spaces despite their contributions to Cuban independence.

However, because the PIC’s success threatened to take votes away from existing political parties, both black and white Cubans participated in its persecution. Afro-Cuban Conservative Martin Morúa Delgado introduced a law in Congress in 1910 outlawing race-based political parties and targeting the PIC that was quickly passed.

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